Didier Masson

Didier Masson (23 February 1886 – 2 June 1950) was a pioneering French aviator. He was born in Asnières, France.^[1] He died and was buried in Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico.^[2] Among his adventures was his life as a pioneering barnstormer, being the second flier in history to bomb a surface warship, as well as combat service in the Lafayette Escadrille with Edwin C. Parsons and Charles Nungesser. In one of the more unusual aerial victories of history, Masson shot down an enemy plane after his own plane's motor quit running. Later in life, he was a manager for pioneer Pan American World Airways, as well as a French consular officer.

Didier Masson
Born	23 February 1886 Asnières, France
Died	2 June 1950 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Allegiance	France/United States
Service/branch	Infantry; aviation
Rank	Adjutant
Unit	129eme Regiment d'Infanterie, 36eme Regiment d'Infanterie, Escadrille 18, Escadrille 16, Lafayette Escadrille

Early life and flying career

Didier Masson apprenticed as a jeweler for a short while in 1903 before joining the French army.^[2] He served in the 129e Regiment d'Infanterie from 1904 to 1906.^[1] After his enlistment ended, he worked for a magneto manufacturer for some years.^[2] In 1909, he hired on as a mechanic with Louis Paulhan. Masson claimed to have soloed in 1909 while still in his native country.^[1]

Pioneering barnstormer

When Paulhan made a barnstorming tour of the United States in 1910, Masson went with him. The two of them were advertised as appearing at an air meet in Boston on 19 August 1910.^[3] At Garden City, New York, Masson successfully test-hopped a biplane built by aviation pioneer E. Lilian Todd in the latter part of 1910.^[4] With Paulhan's help, Masson continued to accumulate both solo and dual flight time even though too poor to own his own airplane.^[5]

In January 1911, he set out to simultaneously be the first aviator to deliver newspapers by air and to set a world's nonstop distance record in the process. The projected hour and 45-minute flight was planned to carry the Los Angeles Times to San Bernardino, with an en route flyover of Pomona. On 7 January 1911, Masson took off from Los Angeles in the aircraft Pegasus at 0700 hours. After a navigational error of 180 degrees, high winds, and an eventful forced landing, he finally arrived at San Bernardino at 1240; his actual flight time was about 80 minutes.^[6] Also in January 1911, Masson won a prize for amateur pilots at Tanforan race track in San Francisco, California.^[7]

He continued to fly in California,^[7] including a flight over Santa Barbara^[8] and an exhibition at Watsonville for May Day.^[7] He then relocated to Hawaii.

On 3 June, Masson arrived in Honolulu accompanied by Clarence H. Walker and the latter's bride and Curtiss biplane. Walker staged an exhibition on 11 June that lost money for its promoter, although the pilot received his contracted fee of $1,250. On 16 June, Masson's two monoplanes arrived on the ship Sierra. At 0611 hours, 18 June 1911, Masson took off on the first of ten promised flights, from Leilehua to Kapiolani Park. As he had promised, he flew over Schofield Barracks to let the army officers see him. The return flight from Kapiolani Park at 1330 hours did not go smoothly. Even after servicing, Masson's new and untested plane did not depart, angering a crowd of spectators. Invidious comparison to an earlier barnstormer, J. C. "Bud" Mars, was made; however, Masson was saved from the perturbed mob by local police and soldiers. Four days later, the French pilot crashed that same plane from 100 feet altitude, destroying the plane but sparing him injury.^[9]

In October 1911, Masson wowed Canadians in Alberta with his exhibition of flying despite a paucity of aviation gasoline. After several foiled attempts, on 20 October, he finally succeeded in flying over Victoria Park, and after buzzing several grazing horses to frighten them from a field, landed to greet a crowd of spectators. Towards the end of October, Masson planned a Canadian record distance flight following the railroad from Edmonton to Calgary. A special train full of paying spectators had paid $20 each to accompany Masson's epic flight. After several days of cold windy snowy weather, Masson took off, only to have his fuel tank break its mountings and drop on his head. The dazed aviator managed to land safely.^[10]

On 18 and 19 May 1912, Masson appeared at the fairgrounds at Lyons, Iowa as a member of the Ivan R. Gates flying circus.^[11]

By January 1913, he could qualify for Aero Club of America Certificate No. 202 at the Glenn L. Martin Flying School.^[5]

Mercenary

Masson was working as an instructor for Martin in California when he was contracted by an agent of Venustiano Carranza to become a mercenary soldier. Masson hired on with the Mexican revolutionary leader for $5,000 as an airplane purchase fee, an allotment of $750 for equipment costs, $300 per month salary, $50 per flight for sorties flown in Mexico, and at least $250 for every bombing sortie flown. Masson flew a pusher airplane bought from Glenn Martin in 1912 and smuggled into Mexico through Arizona. The armed smugglers who forced their way into Mexico at the Nogales crossing included Masson and his mechanic, James Mc. Dean,^{[clarification needed]} as well as Carranza underling Captain Joaquín Bauche Alcalde.^[12]

The name of the aeroplane was Sonora. It could carry two people, or one person and 150 lb (68 kg) of bombs. After a reconnaissance flight by Masson over Guaymas Harbor, he and Bauche used the aircraft to attack Federalist gunboats for the first bombing of a surface ship in the Western Hemisphere. On 10 May 1913, Masson and Bauche overflew at least five Mexican gunboats and dropping four improvised pipe bombs containing 15 kg (33 lb) of explosives. They missed, but the gunboats, seeing themselves as defenseless, steamed out of Guaymas Harbor to safety; indeed, some crew members leaped overboard in panic caused by the explosions. Masson also flew an unknown number of followup bombing missions.^[13]

Masson's Mexican adventure came to an end when Masson quit flying for the Mexican Revolutionists on 5 August, claiming he had not been paid in a month, and that he had reservations about bombing cities.^[1] Masson returned to his newly adopted United States.^[14]

World War I service

On 8 September 1914, Masson re-enlisted in his old unit. After being transferred to the 36eme Regiment d'Infanterie for a short while, Masson began military pilot's training at Pau. He earned his Military Pilot's Brevet on a Caudron on 10 May 1915. He was then assigned to Escadrille 18, which was operating Caudrons. In September 1915, he received additional training, learning to fly Nieuports. He was then forwarded to a Nieuport squadron, Escadrille 16, in April 1916, and passed through to start instructing at Cazeau on the 16th. He was in this assignment only two months, checking into the famed Lafayette Escadrille, Escadrille N124, on 16 June 1916. Though he never became an ace, Masson did manage the remarkable feat of having his Nieuport 17's engine cut out while in a dogfight and still downing his German opponent, gliding to safety near the French front lines afterwards. His hasty departure from the wrecked airplane saved him from the German artillery fire that was rained down upon it.^[15] By the time Masson departed N124, he was an Adjutant.^[16]

Post World War I

Masson returned to Mexico and married. He worked as an airport manager for Pan American in Central America. He also served as a French consular officer until the German invasion of France in 1940.^[6]

Didier Masson died in Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico in June 1950.^[6]

See also

• List of firsts in aviation

References

• Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. Dan Hagedorn. University Press of Florida, 2008. ISBN 0813032490, 9780813032498.
• The Lafayette Flying Corps, Volume 1. Edgar G. Hamilton. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1920. Digitized 27 November 2008. No ISBN available.
• SPA124 Lafayette Escadrille: American Volunteer Airmen in World War 1. Jon Guttman. Osprey Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1841767522, 9781841767529.

External links

• http://www.dailybulletin.com/ourpast/ci_8684457 is a concise, lively depiction of Masson's life with emphasis on the perils of early aviation
• http://azmemory.lib.az.us/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/ahfrein&CISOBOX1=pilot's shows Masson in the Sonora preparing for one of his sorties in Mexico
• http://azmemory.lib.az.us/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/ahfrein&CISOBOX1=Curtiss contains a photo of Masson's airplane when he was barnstorming in Arizona
• http://www.neam.org/lafescweb/conflict2.html has photos of the Lafayette Escadrille in France that include Masson

Endnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} SPA124 Lafayette Escadrille: American Volunteer Airmen in World War 1. p. 14. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} http://www.earlyaviators.com/egrovmas.htm Retrieved on 18 November 2010.
3. ^ http://www.earlyaviators.com/emasson.htm Retrieved on 23 September 2010.
4. ^ (New York Herald, 8 November 1910) http://www.earlyaviators.com/emasson.htm Retrieved on 18 September 2010. Note: Article mentions the search for an engine as the final touch to finish the Todd airplane as beginning about four months before publication date: i.e., about July 1910. Allowing time for engine selection and installation moved the completion date of the plane to late 1910.
5. ^ ^{a b} http://www.earlyaviators.com/egrovmas.htm Retrieved on 18 September 2010.
6. ^ ^{a b c} http://www.dailybulletin.com/ourpast/ci_8684457 Retrieved on 26 September 2010.
7. ^ ^{a b c} http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-aviation-pioneers/didier-masson Retrieved on 25 September 2010.
8. ^ http://indy.liberationmedia.com/news/2009/jan/22/when-did-santa-barbara-get-its-first-airport/ Retrieved on 25 September 2010.
9. ^ http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-aviation-pioneers/didier-masson Retrieved on 25 September 2010. Note: The Walker fiasco could not have helped the atmosphere.
10. ^ http://www.abheritage.ca/aviation/history/fairs_barnstormers.html Retrieved on 25 September 2010.
11. ^ http://www.jacarst.com/history/hist05-12.html Retrieved on 26 September 2010.
12. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 75–76. 
13. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. pp. 76, 549.  Note: Conquistadors identifies the ships Guerrero, Democrata, Morelos, Tampico, and Oaxaca. Footnote 113 on p.549 contains a description of the bombs. Although often credited with the first air-to-sea attack in history, he was preceded by Greek ace Aristeidis Moraitinis.
14. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 77; 103–105. 
15. ^ SPA124 Lafayette Escadrille: American Volunteer Airmen in World War 1. pp. 14, 25. 
16. ^ The Lafayette Flying Corps: Volume 1. p. 355. 

External links

• Early aviators

Persondata
Name	Masson, Didier
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	23 February 1886
Place of birth	Asnières, France
Date of death	2 June 1950
Place of death	Merida, Yucatan, Mexico