Pakistan national cricket team

Infobox Test team
team_name = Pakistan
colour = green
test status year = 1952
first test match = v India at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi, 16-18 October 1952
current captain = Shoaib Malik


|imagesize = 40px
image_caption =
current official rank = 6th (Test), 5th (ODI)
number of tests = 335
most recent test match = v India at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, 8-12 December 2007
current coach = Geoff Lawson
win/loss record = 103/89
test matches this year = 0
win/loss record this year = 0/0
asofdate = 23 June, 2008

The Pakistan National Cricket Team is an international cricket team representing Pakistan. It is administrated by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). Pakistan is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International status.

Before the independence of Pakistan, cricket was played well before the first Pakistan national team was granted test match playing status. Documentation and archives show that during the 18th century, cricket was played on the western side of India and many successful Indian cricketers played for the English cricket team. [ [http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html Archives of Cricket in India, 1911] ] It was not until July 28, 1952 that Pakistan started playing test match cricket. Their first match took place in Delhi against India on October of the same year. Their first international tour was to England during 1954. Over the half century, Pakistan has become one of the most challenging and unpredictable teams in the world, the team won the 1992 World Cup and were runners up in the 1999 World Cup. The country has produced several world-class players such as Fazal Mahmood, Hanif Mohammad, Sarfaraz Nawaz, Mushtaq Mohammad, Imran Khan, Javed Miandad, Abdul Qadir, Wasim Akram, Inzamam-ul-Haq,Saeed Anwar, Waqar Younis, Mohammad Yousuf and Shoaib Akhtar. [ [http://www.travour.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2007-west-indies/cricket-world-cup-teams/pakistan-cricket-team-profile.html The Pakistan cricket team: Profile] ]

As of October 2007, the Pakistani team has played 332 Test matches, winning 31.02%, losing 26.50% and drawing 42.46% of its games. [ Cricinfo Test [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html Team Records page] retrieved on November 3 2007] The team is ranked sixth in the ICC Test Championship and fifth place in the ICC ODI Championship. [http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings.html ICC - Cricket Rankings] . "ICC-cricket.com." Retrieved on 2007-12-29.] On 28 August, 2006, Pakistan won its debut Twenty20 International match in England and were runners up in the inaugral ICC World Twenty20 in September 2007.

History

Following the Partition of India in 1947, and the establishment of the separate nation state of Pakistan, cricket in the country developed steadily and Pakistan was given Test Match status at a meeting of the Imperial Cricket Conference at Lord's Cricket Ground on 28 July 1952 following recommendation by India, [Guinness Cricket Encyclopaedia] which, being the successor state of the British Raj, did not have to go through such a process.

Pakistan’s first Test match was played in Delhi in October 1952 as part of a five Test series which India won 2-1. Pakistan made their first tour of England in 1954 and drew the series 1-1 after a memorable victory at The Oval in which fast bowler Fazal Mahmood took 12 wickets. Pakistan’s first home Test match was in Dacca in January 1955 against India, after which four more Test matches were played in Bahawalpur, Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi (all five matches in the series were drawn, the first such occurrence in test history [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/sports_talk/stump_bearders/5159010.stm Stump the Bearded Wonder No 126] : BBC Sport Retrieved 28 February 2007.] ).

The team is considered a strong but unpredictable team. Traditionally Pakistani cricket has been filled with players of great talent but limited discipline, making them a team which could play inspirational cricket one day and then perform less than ordinarily another day. Over the years, competitions between India and Pakistan have always been emotionally charged and provide for intriguing contests, as talented teams from both sides of the border elevate their game to new levels to produce high-quality cricket. Pakistani contest with India in the Cricket World Cup have seen packed stadiums and elevated atmospheres no matter where the World Cup has been held.

The 1986 Australasia Cup, played in Sharjah, is remembered as a famous last-ball victory for Pakistan against arch-rivals India, with Javed Miandad emerging as a national hero. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/255480.html Going, going...gone] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] India batted first and set a target of 245 runs, leaving Pakistan with a required run rate of 4.92 runs per over. Javed Miandad came in to bat at number 3, and Pakistan lost wickets at regular intervals. Later recalling the match, Miandad stated that his main focus was to lose with dignity. With 31 runs needed in the last three overs, Miandad hit a string of boundaries while batting with his team's lower order, until four runs were required from the last delivery of the match. Miandad received a leg side full toss from Chetan Sharma, which he hit for six over the midwicket boundary. [ [http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1985-86/OD_TOURNEYS/AA/IND_PAK_AA_ODI-FINAL_18APR1986.html Austral-Asia Cup, 1985/86, Final, India v Pakistan] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.]

At the 1992 World Cup Semi Final, having won the toss New Zealand chose to bat first and ended with a total of 262. Pakistan batted conservatively yet lost wickets at regular intervals. With the departure of Imran Khan and Saleem Malik shortly thereafter, Pakistan still required 115 runs at a rate of 7.67 per over with veteran Javed Miandad being the only known batsman remaining at the crease. A young Inzamam-ul-Haq, who had just turned 22 and was not a well-known player at the time, burst onto the international stage with a match-winning 60 off 37 balls. Once Inzamam got out, Pakistan required 36 from 30 balls, which wicketkeeper Moin Khan ended with a towering six over long off, followed by the winning boundary to midwicket. The match is seen as the emergence of Inzamam onto the international stage. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/284421.html Inzi announces his arrival, and India's hat-trick hero] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/286583.html Five of the best] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] [ [http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC92/NZ_PAK_WC92_ODI-SEMI1_21MAR1992.html Benson & Hedges World Cup, 1991/92, 1st Semi Final, New Zealand v Pakistan] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.]

The 1992 Cricket World Cup in Australia & New Zealand marked Pakistan's first World Cup victory. It is remembered for the comeback Pakistan made after losing key players such as Waqar Younis and Saeed Anwar, and being led by an injured captain in Imran Khan. Pakistan lost 4 of their first 5 matches and were nearly eliminated in the first round of the tournament after being bowled out for 74 against England, until the match was declared as a "no result" due to rain. Captain Imran Khan famously told the team to play as "cornered tigers", after which Pakistan won five successive matches, including, most famously, the semi-final against hosts New Zealand and the final against England. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/264386.html Imran's Tigers turn the corner] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.]

The 2007 Cricket World Cup was one of the biggest upsets in World Cup history when Pakistan was knocked out of the competition in a shock defeat to Ireland, who were playing in their first competition. Pakistan, needing to win to qualify for the next stage after losing to the West Indies in their opening match, were put into bat by Ireland on a green pitch. They lost wickets regularly and only 4 batsmen crossed double figures. In the end they were bowled out by the resurgent Irish for 132. The Irish went on to win the match, helped by a knock of 72 from Niall O'Brien. This meant that Pakistan had been knocked out during the first round for the second consecutive World Cup. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/current/story/285704.html Pakistan sent home by bold Ireland] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/current/story/285827.html Shamrocks turn Pakistan green] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/engine/current/match/247465.html ICC World Cup - 9th Match, Group D, Ireland v Pakistan] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 14 May, 2007.] Tragedy struck the team when coach Bob Woolmer died one day later on March 18, 2007 in a hospital in Kingston, Jamaica. Jamaican police spokesman, Karl Angell, reported on March 23, 2007 that, "Mr Woolmer's death was due to asphyxiation as a result of manual strangulation", and that, "Mr Woolmer's death is now being treated by the Jamaica police as a case of murder." [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/286794.html Police hunt Woolmer's murderer] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 24 March 2007.] Subsequent to his team's defeat and the death of Bob Woolmer, Inzamam-ul-Haq announced his resignation as captain of the team and his retirement from one-day cricket, stating that he would continue to take part in Test cricket but not as captain. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/286039.html Shattered Inzamam retires from one-day scene] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 24 March 2007.]

On 23 March, 2007, Pakistan players and officials were questioned by Jamaican police and submitted DNA samples along with fingerprints, as part of the routine enquiries in the investigation into Woolmer's murder. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/current/story/286876.html DNA testing for Pakistan players] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 7 April 2007.] Three days after leaving the West Indies for Pakistan, via London, the Pakistan team were ruled out as suspects. The deputy commissioner of Jamaican police. Mark Shields, the detective in charge of the investigation, announced, "It's fair to say they are now being treated as witnesses." "I have got no evidence to suggest it was anybody in the squad." [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/287377.html Pakistan no longer suspects in Woolmer case] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 7 April 2007.] A memorial service was held in Sacred Heart Church, Lahore, for Bob Woolmer on 1 April, 2007. Among the attendees were Pakistan players and dignitaries, including Inzamam-ul-Haq, who was quoted as saying, "After Woolmer's family, the Pakistan team was the most aggrieved by his death." [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/woolmer/content/current/story/288347.html Memorial service for Woolmer held in Lahore] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 7 April 2007.] After the World Cup ended, serious doubts were raised about the investigation, with increasing speculation that Woolmer died of natural causes. This has now been accepted as fact, and the case has been closed. [ [http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/woolmer/content/current/story/295091.html Doubts grow over pathologist's findings] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 21 May, 2007.]

On 16 July 2007, Geoff Lawson, previously head coach of New South Wales, was appointed coach of the Pakistan for two years, becoming the third foreigner to take on the role. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/302186.html Lawson named Pakistan coach] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 2007-07-16.] In the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, Pakistan exceeded expectations to reach the final but ended as runners-up, after losing the final to India in a nail-biting finish.

Governing body

The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) is responsible for all first class and Test cricket played in Pakistan and by the Pakistan cricket team. It was admitted to the International Cricket Council in July 1953. The corporation has been run by former cricketers, professional administrators and trustees, who are often respected businessmen. The Board governs a network of teams sponsored by corporations and banks, city associations and clubs including advertising, broadcasting rights and internet partners. [ [http://www.pcboard.com.pk/Pakistan/Sponsors.html PCB Sponsors] ]

After taking heavy flak for corruption and match fixing, the PCB re-emerged by taking the initiative to sponsor the wildly successful 2004 tour of Pakistan by arch rivals India. The PCB's experiment with the Twenty20 cricket model has also proven popular and hopes to similarly revive popular interest in domestic games. The PCB also set up major domestic competitions such as the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, and the ANZ Trophy. [ [http://www.pcboard.com.pk/Pakistan/News/ PCB Media news, publications and articles, 2007] ]

Tournament history

;NotesThe team's most recent coach was Bob Woolmer, who died during the 2007 World Cup. Assistant coach Mushtaq Ahmed acted as temporary coach for the team's final group game of the tournament. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/6467811.stm Woolmer post-mortem inconclusive] : BBC.co.uk Retrieved 24 March 2007.] Following Pakistan's disappointing World Cup campaign, Shoaib Malik was announced as successor to Inzamam-ul-Haq as the team's captain. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/291401.html Shoaib Malik appointed Pakistan captain] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 19 April 2007.] On 20 April 2007, a PCB official announced that former Test cricketer Talat Ali would act as interim coach, in addition to his role as team manager, until a new coach had been appointed. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/291544.html Talat to act as interim coach] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 20 April 2007.] Following his return to the squad, Salman Butt was appointed as vice-captain until December 2007. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/298440.html Butt named Malik's deputy] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 20 June, 2007.] On 16 July 2007, former Australian fast bowler Geoff Lawson was appointed coach of the national team for two years, becoming the third foreigner to take on the role. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/302186.html Lawson named Pakistan coach] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 2007-07-16.]

Notable Pakistani cricketers

Batsmen

Renowned Pakistani batsmen include Hanif Mohammad, Mushtaq Mohammad, Saeed Ahmed, Majid Khan, Asif Iqbal, Zaheer Abbas, Javed Miandad, Mudassar Nazar, Mohsin Khan, Saleem Malik, Shoaib Mohammad, Ijaz Ahmed, Saeed Anwar, Aamer Sohail, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Mohammad Yousuf and Younus Khan.

Batting feats:
* Hanif Mohammad scored 337 against the West Indies in 1958, the first triple hundred by an Asian cricketer, and at the time the longest innings by any batsman in terms of time spent at the wicket.
* Hanif also held the record for the highest individual first class innings for just over 35 years, 499 runs, until Brian Lara scored 501 for Warwickshire in 1994.
* Saeed Anwar holds the record for the highest ODI score, 194, which he scored against the Indian cricket team at Chennai in 1997.
* In 2006, Mohammad Yousuf achieved the record for the most Test match runs in a calendar year (1788), the most centuries in a calendar year (nine) and the most centuries in successive tests (six centuries in five successive tests).
* Shahid Afridi holds the record for the fastest ODI century, reaching the milestone off just 37 balls and also the third fastest ODI century (45 balls).
* Inzamam-ul-Haq and Javed Miandad are the most prolific Pakistani batsmen.

Bowlers

Renowned Pakistani bowlers include Fazal Mahmood, Sarfraz Nawaz, Imran Khan, Intikhab Alam, Iqbal Qasim, Abdul Qadir, Wasim Akram, Aaqib Javed, Waqar Younis, Mushtaq Ahmed, Saqlain Mushtaq and Shoaib Akhtar.

Bowling feats:
* Wasim Akram has taken 502 ODI wickets, the most in ODI cricket.
* Shoaib Akhtar holds the record for the fastest delivery recorded, clocked at 100.2 mph.
* Saqlain Mushtaq is credited with inventing the off-spinner's deilvery known as the "doosra."
* Saqlain also holds the record for being the fastest to reach 100, 150, 200 and 250 wickets in ODI cricket.

Reverse swing

Reverse swing was first discovered by Sarfraz Nawaz in the 1970s, who then passed it on to another Pakistani bowler, Imran Khan. Khan mastered reverse swing and the evidence of reverse swing by him was seen in 1983 in a Test match against India at Karachi, where he took 5 wickets in 25 balls. Imran Khan subsequently passed this skill on to Waqar Younis and Wasim Akram who are considered to have been the finest exponents of the art. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43547.html Wasim Akram - Player Profile] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 28 February 2007.] [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43543.html Waqar Younis - Player Profile] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 28 February 2007.] [Waugh, Steve [http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2005/08/25/stories/2005082507541900.htm Reverse swing looms as the decisive factor] : The Hindu Retrieved 28 February 2007.]

On Pakistan's 1992 tour of England, England had no answer to the reverse swing, a new phenomenon to them. Pakistan won the series 2-1. The series was controversial one as the Pakistani team were accused of ball tampering, particularly by the English media. However, it was later conceded that the Pakistani bowlers were simply ahead of their time. Following this episode, reverse swing expanded around the cricket world and more bowlers, including those from England, mastered the art.

Controversies

* During the fourth Test against England at the Oval on 20 August 2006, ball tampering accusations were made against the Pakistani team, which resulted in the team forfeiting the match. On the fourth day of the Test, during England's second innings, the ball began to late reverse swing for Umar Gul in particular, resulting in him dismissing Alastair Cook LBW to an inswinging yorker. Four overs later, on examining the ball, umpire Darrell Hair decided there was evidence that the ball had been tampered with. He consulted with the other umpire, Billy Doctrove, and penalised the Pakistani team for interfering with the condition of the ball, awarding five runs to England. Following the playing conditions for that Test, the England batsmen were allowed to choose a replacement ball from a selection of six provided. Although play continued until the end of the afternoon session, the Pakistani team decided in principle, not to reappear at the start of the third session. This decision was made in protest of what they believed to be an unjust and insensitive decision. As a result of the Pakistani team's failure to appear at the field, the umpires awarded the test to England, cricket's first and only forfeiture till July 2008 when the cricket's international governing body International Cricket Council (ICC) changed the result of the test from an English win to a draw. The Pakistani team was cleared of any wrongdoing when further proceedings saw captain Inzamam-ul-Haq found not guilty of ball tampering. However, the team's protest led to him being banned for four games on the charge of bringing the game of cricket into disrepute. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/5268560.stm England v Pakistan 4th Test] : BBC Sport Retrieved 28 February 2007.] [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/5268250.stm Day four: How the controversy unfolded] : BBC Sport Retrieved 28 February 2007.] [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/260775.html Inzamam cleared of ball tampering] : Cricinfo.com Retrieved 28 February 2007.]

* Immediately following the ball tampering controversy was the news that its front-line pace bowlers Shoaib Akhtar and Mohammad Asif had both tested positive for Nandrolone, a banned anabolic steroid. Though both denied any substance abuse, on November 1, 2006 both Akhtar and Asif were banned for a period of 2 years and 1 year respectively. However, both bowlers were successful in their appeals with the earlier bans being revoked. The World Anti-Doping Agency made an appeal in the Court of Arbitration for Sport over the revoking of this ban. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/273673.html WADA to challenge Shoaib and Asif verdict] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 2007-02-28.] However, the Court of Arbitration for Sport later dropped the case, ruling it had no jurisdiction to challenge the decision made by PCB. [ [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/current/story/300348.html Court has no jurisdiction in doping case] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 2007-07-03.] [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/pakistan/6260498.stm Court cannot rule on Pakistan duo] . "Cricinfo.com." Retrieved on 2007-07-03.]

Fan following

* Abdul Jalil, aka Chacha cricket, ( [http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38863000/jpg/_38863637_chacha_al203.jpgphoto] ) has been following the team since 1969. The PCB pays him 10,000 Pakistani rupees per month to follow the team, and he himself has a number of his own followers. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2790000/newsid_2790600/2790609.stm Pakistan's favourite uncle] . "BBC News." Retrieved on 2007-06-10.]

See also

* Pakistan Under-19 cricket team
* Pakistani national cricket captains
* Pakistan national women's cricket team
* India versus Pakistan cricket rivalry
* Pakistan Cricket Team Records

References

External links

* [http://www.pcboard.com.pk/ Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)]
* [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/country.html?country=7 Cricinfo's List of Pakistani Grounds]
* [http://www1.cricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/PAK/ Cricinfo Pakistan]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/pakistan/default.stm BBC Sport: Pakistan cricket team news and fixtures]
* [http://www.urdudailynews.com/sports.asp Cricket news for Pakistan]