New Technology Telescope

New Technology Telescope
Organization	European Southern Observatory
Location	La Silla Observatory, Chile
Coordinates	29°15′32.1″S 70°44′1.5″W / 29.258917°S 70.73375°W / -29.258917; -70.73375Coordinates: 29°15′32.1″S 70°44′1.5″W / 29.258917°S 70.73375°W / -29.258917; -70.73375
Altitude	2375 m
Wavelength	Optical
First light	1989
Diameter	3.58m, thin meniscus (24cm)[1]
Mounting	Alt-azimuth

The New Technology Telescope or NTT is an Alt-Az, 3.58-metre Richey-Chretien telescope part of the European Southern Observatory and began operations in 1989. It is located in Chile at the La Silla Observatory and was an early pioneer on the use of active optics. The telescope and its enclosure developed a revolutionary design for optimal image quality.^[2]

Characteristics

The main mirror of NTT is flexible and its shape is actively adjusted during observations by actuators to preserve the optimal image quality. The secondary mirror position is also actively controlled in three directions. This technology, developed by ESO, known as active optics, is now applied to all major modern telescopes, such as the Very Large Telescope at Cerro Paranal and the future European Extremely Large Telescope. The design of the octagonal enclosure housing the NTT is another technological breakthrough. The telescope dome is relatively small, and is ventilated by a system of flaps that makes air flow smoothly across the mirror, reducing turbulence and leading to sharper images.^[3]

Although other pre-existing telescopes such as the Nordic Optical Telescope had lightweight mirrors supported by actuators, the NTT is claimed to be the first telescope using full active optics. Its design as well as the design of its enclosure (the building protecting it) included many revolutionary features, from whence it was named. In particular, great care was taken to ensure a good ventilation of the telescope, and to avoid heat sources in around the telescope. Since its construction, the NTT has undergone several upgrades which continued to improve its quality. It was used as a real-life test bench for the engineering concepts and software used for the Very Large Telescope.

ESO's New Technology Telescope at La Silla

The New Technology Telescope initially had the same problem as the Hubble Space Telescope - the mirror was ground to the wrong shape due to a mis-calibrated null corrector. However, the active optics system of the NTT was able to correct that error without refiguring the mirror.^[4]

Instruments

Currently, the NTT is equipped with 2 instruments^[5]:

• SofI ("Son of ISAAC", a VLT instrument), a near infrared camera and low-resolution spectrograph, with polarimetric and high-time resolution modes
• EFOSC2 (ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera, v.2), a visible light camera and low-resolution spectrograph, with multi-object spectroscopy, polarimetry and coronography modes

Science with the NTT

The NTT and its instrument have contributed for important discoveries since the telescope started working at La Silla. These include unravelling the mysterious Galactic centre,^[6] contributing to the observations of the first solar-like oscillations in another star,^[7] and breaking many distance records by finding new galaxies in the far-away Universe.^[8] Most recently, the NTT helped detect a disc around a massive young star,^[9] solving the mystery of star formation in massive stars, and its observations were crucial to determine how asteroids are modified by solar wind.^[10]

Perhaps most significantly, NTT observations of stars orbiting the centre of our Milky Way helped determine the mass and the radius of its supermassive black hole, effectively helping confirming the existence of such a massive and compact object.^[11][12]

References

1. ^ European Southern Observatory. "The ESO New Technology Telescope, Technical Characteristics". http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/telescopes/ntt/overview/index.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
2. ^ "The ESO New Technology Telescope". http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/telescopes/ntt/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
3. ^ "The New Technology Telescope (NTT)". http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt.html. Retrieved 2011-05-19. 
4. ^ William J. Broad (1990-08-10). "Panel Finds Error by Manufacturer of Space Telescope". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/panel-finds-error-by-manufacturer-of-space-telescope.html. . Mentions null corrector error that happened during the manufacture of the New Technology Telescope, and the correction by the active optics system.
5. ^ European Southern Observatory (2008-07-14). "La Silla Instrumentation". http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/instruments/. Retrieved 2009-10-22. 
6. ^ "At Last: the Enigmatic Centre of the Milky Way Sighted!". ESO. 1990-10-31. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9013/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
7. ^ "First Observations of Solar-Like Oscillations in Another Star (1) -- Minute temperature fluctuations detected in Eta Bootis.". ESO. 1994-11-23. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9416/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
8. ^ "ESO Press Releases -- Search results for ‘"New Technology Telescope"+"Science Release"’". http://www.eso.org/public/news/viewall/?search=%22New+Technology+Telescope%22%2B%22Science+Release%22. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
9. ^ "Unravelling the Mystery of Massive Star Birth -- All Stars are Born the Same Way". ESO. 2010-07-14. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1029/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
10. ^ "Solar wind tans young asteroids". ESO. 2009-04-22. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0916/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
11. ^ "Surfing a Black Hole -- Star Orbiting Massive Milky Way Centre Approaches to within 17 Light-Hours". ESO. 2002-10-16. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0226/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
12. ^ "Unprecedented 16-Year Long Study Tracks Stars Orbiting Milky Way Black Hole". ESO. 2008-12-10. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0846/. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 

External links

• ESO's NTT page