PNC Park

Infobox Stadium
stadium_name = PNC Park
nickname = "Home of the Pittsburgh Pirates"


location = 115 Federal St.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212
coordinates =
broke_ground = April 7, 1999
opened = March 31, 2001
renovated =
expanded =
closed =
demolished =
owner = City of Pittsburgh Sports & Exhibition Authority
operator =
surface = Grass
construction_cost = US$216 million
architect = HOK Sport
L.D. Astorino & Associates (Pittsburgh)
project_manager =
main_contractors =
former_names =
tenants = Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) (2001-present)
seating_capacity = 38,496 (2001)
dimensions = Left Field — 325 ft / 99 m (6 ft / 2 m high fence)
Left-Center — 383 ft / 118 m
Deep Left-Center Field — 410 ft / 125 m
Center Field — 399 ft / 122 m (10 ft / 3 m high fence)
Right-Center — 375 ft / 114 m
Right Field — 320 ft / 97.5 m (21 ft / 6.5 m high wall)

PNC Park is a baseball park located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the fifth home of the Pittsburgh Pirates, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. It opened during the 2001 Major League Baseball season, after the controlled implosion of the Pirates' previous home, Three Rivers Stadium. The ballpark is named for locally based PNC Financial Services, which purchased the naming rights in 1998.cite news |first= Lauren|last= Jaeger|title= PNC Bank Purchases Naming Rights To Pittsburgh Pirates' New Stadium|url= http://www.allbusiness.com/services/amusement-recreation-services/4578408-1.html|publisher= AllBusiness.com|date= 1998-09-17|accessdate=2008-07-23]

Funded in conjunction with Heinz Field, the $216 million park stands along the Allegheny River, on the Northside of Pittsburgh. Plans to build a new stadium for the Pirates originated in 1991, but did not come to fruition for five years. Built in the style of "classic" stadiums, such as Boston's Fenway Park, PNC Park also introduced unique features, such as the use of limestone in the building's facade. Constructed quicker than most modern stadiums, workers built PNC Park in a 24-month span.

As of 2008, the park features the second-smallest seating capacity and the third-cheapest average ticket prices of any MLB stadium. The ballpark also features several local eateries and an all-you-can-eat seating section, which allows fans unlimited food for an entire game. The park has helped attract business to surrounding establishments, though the Pirates have not had a winning season since they moved to the stadium. PNC Park hosted the 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the fifth MLB All-Star Game held in Pittsburgh. The field is natural grass with the outfield fence ranging from distances of convert|320|ft|m|0 to convert|399|ft|m|0 away from home plate; the Allegheny River is convert|443|ft|m|0 from home plate. Since completion, it has been hailed as one of the best ballparks in the country.

History

Planning and funding

On September 5, 1991, Pittsburgh mayor Sophie Masloff proposed a new 44,000-seat stadium for the Pittsburgh Pirates on the city's Northside. Three Rivers Stadium, the Pirates' home at the time, had been designed for functionality rather than "architecture and aesthetics". The location of Three Rivers Stadium came to be criticized for being in a hard-to-access portion of the city, where traffic congestion occured before and after games. [cite book|last=Smith|first=Curt|authorlink=Curt Smith (author)|title=Storied Stadiums|year=2001|publisher=Carroll & Graf|location=New York City|isbn=0786711876] Discussions about a new ballpark took place, but were never seriously considered until entrepreneur Kevin McClatchy purchased the team in February 1996. Until McClatchy's purchase, plans about the team staying in Pittsburgh were uncertain.cite journal |last= Bouma|first= Ben|year= 1998|title= Heading for Home|journal= On Deck: The Official Magazine of the Pittsburgh Pirates|volume= 3|issue= 3|pages= pp. 42–8|accessdate=2008-07-20] In 1996, Masloff's successor, Tom Murphy, created the "Forbes Field II Task Force". Made up of 29 political and business leaders, the team studied the challenges of constructing a new ballpark. Their final report, published on June 26, 1996, evaluated 13 possible locations. The "North Side site" was recommended due to its affordable cost, potential to develop the surrounding area, and opportunity to incorporate the city skyline into the stadium's design. The site selected for the ballpark is just upriver from the site of early Pirates home field Exposition Park. [cite web |url= http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A47798|title= Was there a baseball field that the Pittsburgh Pirates played in before Forbes Field in Oakland?|accessdate=2008-07-30 |author= Chris Potter|date= 2008-06-12|work= You Had To Ask|publisher="Pittsburgh City Paper"] [cite web |url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06192/700663-341.stm|title= Exposition Park|accessdate=2008-07-30 |date= 2006-07-11|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"]

After a political debate, public money was used to fund PNC Park. Originally, a sales tax increase was proposed to fund three projects: PNC Park, Heinz Field, and an expansion of the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. However, after the proposal was rejected in a referendum, the city developed "Plan B". [cite web|title= Plan B|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/planb/| accessdate= 2008-04-05] Similarly controversial, the alternative proposal was labeled "Scam B" by opponents.cite news |last= Dvorchak|first= Robert|title= A TD for Plan B|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1998-06-21|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980621bplanb5.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-05] Some members of the Allegheny Regional Asset District felt that the Pirates' pledge of $40 million toward the new stadium was too little, while others criticized the amount of public money allocated for Plan B. One member of the Allegheny Regional Asset District board called the use of tax dollars "corporate welfare." [cite news|last= Cook|first= Ron|title= Plan B flawed; option is worse|publisher = "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1998-06-22|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/sports_headlines/19980622bcook3.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-05] The plan, totaling $809 million, was approved by the Allegheny Regional Asset District board on July 9, 1998—with $228 million allotted for PNC Park.cite news|last= Barnes|first= Tom|coauthors= Dvorchak, Robert|title= Plan B approved: Play ball!|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1998-07-10|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980710bplanb3.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-05] [cite news|last= Barnes|first= Tom|title= Arena won't be part of Plan B|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1998-02-11|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980811bplanb5.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-05] Shortly after Plan B was approved, the Pirates made a deal with Pittsburgh city officials to remain in the city until at least 2031. PNC Financial Services purchased the stadium's naming rights in August 1998. [cite book |title= Managing Sport Facilities|last= Fried|first= Gil|year= 2005|publisher= Human Kinetics|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=NOjo6ahtErsC|isbn= 0736044833|pages= p. 223] As per the agreement, PNC Bank will pay the Pirates approximately $2 million each year through 2020. [cite news |first= Bob|last= Wolfley|title= Values of venue naming rights can vary widely |url= http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=721840|work= Sports|publisher= "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel"|date= 2008-02-28|accessdate=2008-07-23] [cite web |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/sportsbusiness/news/story?page=stadiumnames|title= Stadium naming rights|accessdate=2008-07-23 |work= Sports Business|publisher= ESPN.com|date= 2004-09-29] The total cost of PNC Park was $216 million.

Design and construction

Kansas City-based HOK Sport, which is considered to be the "leading stadium design firm in the [United States] ," designed the ballpark. [cite news|last= Dulac|first= Gerry|title= Football stadium architect selected|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1998-09-28|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980928rooney5.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-05] [cite web|title= PNC Park|publisher= HOKsve.com|url= http://www.hoksport.com/projects/pnc.html|accessdate= 2008-04-21] The design and construction management team consisted of the Dick Corporation and Barton Malow. An effort was made in the design of PNC Park to salute other "classic style" ballparks, such as Fenway Park, Wrigley Field, and Pittsburgh's Forbes Field; the design of the ballpark's archways, steel truss work, and light standards are results of this goal.cite web|title= PNC Park|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|url= http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/pit/ballpark/index.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-03] cite book|title= Plunkett's Sports Industry Almanac 2007: Sports Industry Market Research|last= Plunkett|first= Jack W.|year= 2006|publisher= Plunkett Research Ltd|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=2yQXwMr8HXsC&pg=PT361&dq=PNC+Park&lr=&sig=ACfU3U0I6OCUxX-BHBC3ZsF-K-7eYdVTiQ#PPT361,M1|isbn= 1593920733|pages= Pittsburgh Pirates] PNC Park was the first two-deck ballpark to be built in the United States since Milwaukee County Stadium opened in 1953.cite web|title= PNC Park at North Shore|publisher= ESPN.com|url= http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/teams/stadium?team=pit|accessdate= 2008-04-10] The park features a 24 by 42 foot (7.3 by 12.8 m) Sony JumboTron, which is accompanied by the first-ever LED video boards in an outdoor MLB stadium. PNC Park is the first stadium to feature an out-of-town scoreboard with the score, inning, count, number of outs, and base runners for every other game being played around the league.cite news|last= Bouchette|first= Ed|title= Technology park|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-15|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pnctechno9.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-20]

Ground was broken for PNC Park on April 7, 1999, [cite news|last= Barnes |first= Tom |title= City, Pirates break ground for PNC Park with big civic party |publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1999-04-08|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990408stadium2.asp|accessdate = 2008-04-11] after a ceremony to rename the Sixth Street Bridge as the "Roberto Clemente Bridge" in honor of the late Pirate Roberto Clemente. [cite news |first= Johnna A.|last= Pro|title= Clemente's family helps to christen renamed bridge |url= http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990408clemente3.asp|work= Local News|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 1999-04-08|accessdate=2008-07-19] Due to traffic problems after the Park's opening, the bridge is closed to vehicular traffic on game days to allow spectators to park in Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle and walk across the bridge to the stadium. [cite book |title= Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age|last= Scarpaci|first= Joseph L.|coauthors= Kevin Joseph Patrick|year= 2006|publisher= Univ of Pittsburgh Press|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=9qTdSl2CkzkC|isbn= 0822942828|pages=p. 115] [cite book |title= Broadcast Rites and Sites: I Saw It on the Radio with the Boston Red Sox|last= Castiglione|first= Joe|authorlink= Joe Castiglione|coauthors= Douglas B. Lyons|year= 2004|publisher= Taylor Trade Publications|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=aiDytCAVZ-sC&pg=PA223&dq=PNC+Park&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1t2YGvRlvwzfNmu8j3cCgkNGAj8A#PPA223,M1|isbn= 1589790812|pages= p. 223] PNC Park was built with Kasota limestone shipped from a Minnesota river valley, to contrast the brick bases of other modern stadiums.cite news |first= Patricia|last= Lowry|title= The new jewel on the Allegheny might be the best ballpark|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncretro9.asp|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-15|accessdate=2008-07-29] The stadium was constructed over a 24-month span—at the time of construction, three months faster than any other modern major league ballpark —and the Pirates played their first game less than two years after groundbreaking.cite news |first= Robert|last= Dvorchak|title= PNC Park: The political struggle over financing PNC Park went into extra innings |url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncbuildtext9.asp|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-15|accessdate=2008-07-29] The quick construction was accomplished with the use of special computers, which relayed building plans 24 hours per day. In addition, all 23 labor unions involved in the construction signed a pact that they would not strike during the building process. As a result of union involvement and attention to safety regulations, the construction manager, the Dick Corporation, received a merit award for its safety practices from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PNC Park is inspected yearly, along with Heinz Field, by Chronicle Consulting, LLC, for structural defects and maintenance. [cite web |url= http://chronicleconsulting.com/proj/sea.html|title= Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County |accessdate=2008-04-21 |author= Chronicle Consulting|publisher=ChronicleConsulting.com]

Opening and reception

The Pirates opened PNC Park with two pre-season games against the New York Mets—the first of which was played on March 31, 2001. [cite news |first= Bob|last= Biertempfel|title= Pirates lose first test run at PNC Park|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30329.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2001-04-01|accessdate=2008-07-20] The first official baseball game played in PNC Park was between the Cincinnati Reds and the Pirates, on April 9, 2001. The Reds won the game by the final score of 8–2. [cite book |title= Storied Stadiums: Baseball's History Through Its Ballparks|last= Curt|first= Smith|year= 2003|publisher= Carroll & Graf Publishers|location= New York|isbn= 0786711876|pages= p. 562] The first pitch—a ball—was thrown from Pittsburgh's Todd Ritchie to Barry Larkin. In the top of the first inning, Sean Casey's two-run home run was the first hit in the park. The first Pirates' batter, Adrian Brown, struck out; however, later in the inning Jason Kendall singled—the first hit by a Pirate in their new stadium.

Upon opening in 2001, PNC Park was praised by fans and media alike. ESPN.com writer Jim Caple ranked PNC Park as the best stadium in Major League Baseball, with a score of 95 out of 100.cite web|last= Caple|first= Jim|authorlink= Jim Caple|title= Pittsburgh's gem rates the best|publisher= ESPN.com|url= http://sports.espn.go.com/travel/news/story?page=ballparks/pncpark|accessdate= 2008-04-15] Caple compared the park to Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, calling the stadium itself "perfect", and citing high ticket prices as the only negative aspect of visiting the park.cite web|last= Caple|first= Jim|authorlink= Jim Caple|title= Pittsburgh's gem rates the best|work= Page 2|publisher= ESPN.com|url= http://espn.go.com/page2/s/ballparks/pncpark.html|accessdate= 2008-04-03] Jay Ahjua, author of "Fields of Dreams: A Guide to Visiting and Enjoying All 30 Major League Ballparks", called PNC Park one of the "top ten places to watch the game." [harvnb|Phillips|2005|pp=314–5] Pirates' vice-president Steve Greenberg said, "We said when construction began that we would build the best ballpark in baseball, and we believe we've done that." Major League Baseball executive Paul Beeston said the park was "the best he's seen so far in baseball." Many of the workers who built the park said that it was the nicest that they had seen.cite news|last= McKay|first= Jim|title= Workers proud of what they have wrought|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-15|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncworker9.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-20] Jason Kendall, Pittsburgh's catcher at the opening of the park, called PNC Park "the most beautiful ballpark in the game." [cite news |first= Jason|last= Kendall|authorlink= Jason Kendall|title= New ballpark something to behold|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30321.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2001-04-01|accessdate=2008-07-20] PNC Park had an average attendance of 30,742 people per game throughout its inaugural season, [cite web |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/attendance?sort=home_avg&year=2001&seasonType=2|title= MLB Attendance Report - 2001|accessdate=2008-07-25|publisher= ESPN.com] though it would drop approximately 27% the following season to 22,594 spectators per game. [cite web |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/attendance?sort=home_avg&year=2002&seasonType=2|title= MLB Attendance Report - 2002|accessdate=2008-07-25|publisher= ESPN.com] Throughout the 2001 season, businesses in downtown and on the Northside of Pittsburgh showed a 20–25% increase in business on Pirate game days. [cite journal |last= Brown|first= Charles|year= 2001|month= November/December|title= Pittsburgh's Putting on its Game Face|journal= Pittsburgh International Airport Magazine|volume= 1|issue= 1|pages= pp. 10–3|accessdate= 2008-07-02] In 2008, "Men's Fitness" named the park one of "10 big league parks worth seeing this summer."cite news|last= Pratt|first= Devin|title= Top Stadiums: Pittsburgh's PNC Park|publisher= "Men's Fitness"|url= http://www.mensfitness.com/sports_and_recreation/61?page=2|accessdate= 2008-04-10] [cite news|last= Langosch|first= Jenifer|title= PNC in Men's Fitness top 10 stadiums|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|date= 2008-04-02|url= http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080402&content_id=2485650&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit| accessdate = 2008-04-10]

tatues

In 1947, Pirate manager Fred Clarke began lobbying to have a statue of Honus Wagner erected in his honor. [harvnb|DeValeria|1995|p=298] Funds were raised and on April 30, 1955, a nine-foot bronze statue of Wagner was unveiled in Schenley Park,harvnb|DeValeria|1995|p=299] beyond the left field seating of Forbes Field.harvnb|Hittner|2003|p=257] The unveiling was attended by 1,000 people, including Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick, Pittsburgh mayor David L. Lawrence, and Cy Young. Though weakened by age, Wagner remarked, "How about that!" when he saw the statue.cite book |title= Honus Wagner: The Life of Baseball's Flying Dutchman|last= Hittner|first= Arthur D.|year= 2003|publisher= McFarland|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=aE461c0B014C|isbn= 0786418117|pages=257] When the Pirates moved to Three Rivers Stadium, the statue was moved to the Gate C entrance. On July 11, 1994, [cite book |title= Baseball's Good Guys|last= Walsh|first= Jack|coauthors= Marshall J. Cook|year= 2004|publisher= Sports Publishing LLC|isbn= 1582617228|pages= p. 131] the City of Pittsburgh dedicated a 12-foot statue of Roberto Clemente outside of Three Rivers Stadium. [cite book |title= Roberto Clemente|last= Marquez|first= Heron|year= 2005|publisher= Twenty-First Century Books|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=7AWf-6kqtPkC|isbn= 1575057670|pages= p. 99] [cite book |title= Roberto Clemente|last= Dunham|first= Montrew|coauthors= Meryl Henderson|year= 1997|publisher= Simon and Schuster|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=QpdNjieaqhQC|isbn= 0689813643|pages= p. 179] The base of Clemente's statue is shaped like a baseball diamond, with dirt from three of the fields Clemente played at—Santurce Field in Carolina, Puerto Rico, Forbes Field, and Three Rivers Stadium—at each base. [cite book |title= 60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Pittsburgh|last= Ruff|first= Donna |year= 2006|publisher= Menasha Ridge Press|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=BW6NAp_a_0QC|isbn= 0897325915|pages=p. 71] Upon the implosion of Three Rivers Stadium, the two statues were removed from their locations, refurbished, and relocated outside PNC Park. [cite news |first= Tom|last= Barnes|title= Sports bar planned outside PNC Park|url= http://www.postgazette.com/regionstate/20001122sportsbar4.asp|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2000-11-22|accessdate=2008-08-01] On October 1, 2000, after the final game at Three Rivers Stadium, former Pirate Willie Stargell threw out the ceremonial last pitch. He was then presented with a model of a statue that was to be erected in his honor outside of PNC Park. [cite book |title= The Pittsburgh Pirates|last= Finoli|first= Dave|year= 2006|publisher= Arcadia Publishing|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=zf2llq672W4C|isbn= 0738549150|pages= p. 127] The statue was officially unveiled on April 7, 2001; however, Stargell did not attend due to health problems. [cite book |title= Tales From The 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates|last= McCollister|first= John|year= 2005|publisher= Sports Publishing LLC|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=n3EYIXoOnVQC|isbn= 1582618380|pages= p. 43] [cite news |first= Charles|last= Sheehan|authorlink= Associated Press|title= Pirates unveil statue of Stargell|url= http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/pirates/2001-04-07-stargell.htm|publisher= "USA Today"|date= 2001-04-09|accessdate=2008-08-01] Two days after the official opening of PNC Park, Stargell died from a stroke. [cite news|title= Stargell's death linked to hypertension |url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010409stargellhypertension6.asp|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-09|accessdate=2008-08-01] [cite news |author= Associated Press|authorlink= Associated Press|title= Pittsburgh native Casey paces Reds over Pirates, 8-2|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010409apbucs.asp|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-09|accessdate=2008-08-01] In addition to the statue's unveiling, a pre-game video tribute was shown in his honor. [cite news |first= Alan|last= Robinson|authorlink= Associated Press|title= PNC Park opens on a sad day|url= http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/stories/2001-04-09-stargell-pnc.htm#more|publisher= "USA Today"|date= 2001-04-10|accessdate=2008-08-01]

Alterations

In 2007, Allegheny County passed a ban on smoking in most public places, thus making PNC Park a completely smoke-free facility. [cite press release|title=PNC Park becomes smoke-free facility |publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=2007-03-20 |url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20070320&content_id=1851385&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate=2008-04-19] Prior to the 2008 season, the Pirates made multiple alterations to PNC Park.cite news|last= Belko|first= Mark|title= Pirates show off park features|publisher= Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date= 2008-04-04|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08095/870465-63.stm|accessdate= 2008-04-05] The biggest change was removing the Outback Steakhouse located underneath the scoreboard, and adding a new restaurant known as "The Hall of Fame Club".cite news |last= Langosch |first= Jennifer|title= Offseason face-lift complete at PNC|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|date= 2008-04-03|url= http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080403&content_id=2488536&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate = 2008-04-05] Unlike its predecessor, "The Hall of Fame Club" is open to all ticket-holders on game days; it includes an outdoor patio with a bar and seats with a view of the field. The Pirates feature bands in "The Hall of Fame Club" after the completion of select games—the first performance was by Joe Grushecky and the Houserockers. The Pirates also announced a program to make the park more environmentally friendly, by integrating "greening initiatives, sustainable business practices and educational outreach." [cite press release|title= Pirates launch greening initiatives program at PNC Park|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|date= 2008-03-11|url= http://www.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20080311&content_id=2419147&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate= 2008-04-21] In addition, club and suite sections were outfitted with high-definition televisions.

Other events

PNC Park hosted the 77th Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 11, 2006. [cite press release|title= Pittsburgh Pirates host 2006 All-Star Week, including 77th MLB All-Star Game|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2006-04-28|url= http://mlb.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20060428&content_id=1422702&vkey=pr_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb|accessdate= 2008-04-09] The American League defeated the National League by a score of 3–2, with 38,904 spectators in attendance.cite web| last= Eagle|first= Ed|title= Young rallies AL to victory|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2006-07-12|url= http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060711&content_id=1552532&vkey=allstargamer2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-08] The first All-Star Game in PNC Park, it was the fifth All-Star Game hosted in Pittsburgh, and the first since 1994. [cite web |url= http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/all_star.jsp|title= All-Star Results|accessdate=2008-07-29|publisher= MLB.com] During the game, late Pirate Roberto Clemente was honored with the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award; his wife, Vera, accepted on his behalf. [cite web|last= Bloom|first= Barry M.|title= Baseball honors Clemente|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2006-07-12|url= http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060711&content_id=1553135&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-08] The stadium hosted the Century 21 Home Run Derby the previous evening; Ryan Howard, of the Philadelphia Phillies, won the title.cite web|last= Bloom|first= Barry M.|title= Howard powers way to Derby crown|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2006-07-10|url= http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1551363&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-08] During the Derby, Howard and David Ortiz hit home runs into the Allegheny River. [cite news|last= Briggs|first= David|title= Pirates of the Allegheny|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2006-07-10|url= http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1551703&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-20]

PNC Park has hosted various evacuation and response drills, which would be used in the event of a terrorist attack. Members of the United States Department of Homeland Security laid out the groundwork for the initial drill in February 2004. [cite news |title= Terrorism Drill Scheduled For PNC Park|url= http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/2872569/detail.html?subid=22100406|work= Pittsburgh News|publisher= WTAE-TV|date= 2004-02-25|accessdate=2008-08-02] In May 2005, 5,000 volunteers participated in the $1 million evacuation drill, which included mock explosions. [cite news |first= Josie|last= Roberts|title= Goodie bags, entertainment part of PNC Park drill|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_330904.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2005-05-04|accessdate=2008-08-02] A goal of the drill was to test the response of 49 western Pennsylvania emergency agencies. [cite news |first= Glenn|last= May|coauthors= Allison M. Heinrichs|title= Drills and thrills 5,000 volunteers go to bat as victims of mock disaster|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_332092.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2005-05-08|accessdate=2008-08-02] In April 2006, the Department of Homeland Security worked in conjunction with the United States Coast Guard to develop a plan of response for the 2006 All-Star Game. [cite news |title= Coast Grd. To Keep Rivers Safe During All-Star Gm.|url= http://kdka.com/topstories/PNC.Park.MLB.2.382479.html|publisher= KDKA-TV|date= 2006-04-14|accessdate=2008-08-02] Similar exercises were conducted on the Allegheny River in 2007. [cite news |title= Terror drill on Allegheny River today|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_527509.html|work= |publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2007-09-14|accessdate=2008-08-02]

The first collegiate baseball game at PNC Park was played on May 6, 2003, between the Pittsburgh Panthers and the Duquesne Dukes.cite web|title= Pittsburgh Baseball Falls to Duquesne, 2-1, at PNC Park |publisher= PittsburghPanthers.com|date= 2003-05-06|url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/050603aab.html|accessdate= 2008-04-15] Duquesne won the game by a score of 2–1. [cite news |first= Ray |last= Fittipaldo|title= Pitcher's big-league effort lifts Duquesne past Pitt, 2-1 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/duquesne/20030507pittduke0507p5.asp |work= Duquesne/Atlantic 10|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2003-05-07|accessdate=2008-05-13] As of 2008, the Panthers lead the annual "City Game" series against the Dukes three games to one, with the 2007 game cancelled because of poor field conditions. [cite news |first= Phil|last= Axelrod|title= Baseball: Three freshmen step up as Panthers rout Dukes|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08108/874129-142.stm|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2008-04-17|accessdate=2008-09-13] [cite news |first= Phil|last= Axelrod|title= Baseball: Pitt, Duquesne to treat game like exhibition|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05103/487429-135.stm|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2005-04-15|accessdate=2008-09-13] PNC Park has also hosted various concerts, including The Rolling Stones and Pearl Jam in 2005. [cite press release |title= The Rolling Stones concert information|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|date= 2005-09-27|url= http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20050927&content_id=1225900&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate= 2008-05-14]

Features

Playing surface and park dimensions

The playing surface of PNC Park consists of sand-based natural grass, [cite news|title= Sod Installed At PNC Park|publisher= ThePittsburghChannel.com|date= 2000-10-30|url= http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/station/130164/detail.html|accessdate= 2008-04-10] with a drainage system capable of handling convert|14|in|cm|0 of rain per hour. [cite book |title= Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program|last= Cagan|first= Jonathan|coauthors= Craig M. Vogel|year= 2002|publisher= FT Press|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hlSRf61_nnkC&pg=PA218&dq=PNC+Park&sig=ACfU3U24O2Q6NQzWWXZvwcoEqgu3XPo6Lg|isbn= 0139696946|pages= p. 218] Unlike most ballparks, PNC Park's home dugout is located along the third base line instead of the first base line; giving the home team a view of the city skyline. [harvnb|Pahigian|2004|p=228] The outfield fence ranges from a height of convert|6|ft|m|0 in left field to convert|10|ft|m|0 in center field and convert|21|ft|m|0 in right field, a tribute to former Pirate right fielder Roberto Clemente, who wore number "21". The distance from home plate to the outfield fence ranges from convert|320|ft|m|0 in right field to convert|410|ft|m|0 in left center; the straightaway center field fence is set at convert|399|ft|m|0. At its closest point, the Allegheny River is convert|443|ft|m|0 and convert|4|in|cm|0 from home plate. On July 6, 2002, Daryle Ward became the only player to hit a home run into the river on the fly, when he hit a grand slam off Pirates pitcher Kip Wells. [cite news |first= Rob|last= Rossi|title= Howard has a blast|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/all-star/s_461414.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2006-07-11|accessdate=2008-07-26] cite web|last= Stats Inc.|title= Scouting Report|work= Daryle Ward|publisher= FOX Sports|url= http://foxsports.foxnews.com/mlb/playerScouting?categoryId=85570|accessdate= 2008-04-10]

eating and ticket prices

During its opening season, PNC Park's seating capacity of 38,496 was the second-smallest of any major league stadium—the smallest being Fenway Park.cite news |first= Gary A.|last= Warner|title= Boutique ballparks|url= http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/sections/travel/travel/article_586793.php|work= News|publisher= "The Orange County Register"|date= 2005-07-10|accessdate=2008-07-26] Seats are angled toward the field and aisles are lowered to give spectators improved views of the field. The majority of the seats, 26,000, are on the first level,cite web|title= PNC Park Gets Rave Reviews|publisher= ThePittsburghChannel.com|date= 2001-02-21|url= http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/sports/480687/detail.html|accessdate= 2008-04-07] and the highest seat in the stadium is convert|88|ft|m|0 above the playing surface. [harvnb|Phillips|2005|p=314] At convert|51|ft|m|0, the batter is closer to the seats behind home plate than to the pitcher. [cite web |url= http://twins.mlb.com/min/ballpark/comparisons.jsp|title= New Ballpark Comparisons|accessdate=2008-07-29 |work= New Ballpark|publisher= MinnesotaTwins.com] At their closest point, seating along the baselines is convert|45|ft|m|0 from the bases.harvnb|Pahigian|2004|p=218] The four-level steel rotunda and a section above the out-of-town scoreboard offer standing-room only space. [harvnb|Pahigian|2004|pp=220–1] With the exception of the bleacher sections, all seats in the park offer a view of Pittsburgh's skyline.harvnb|Ahuja|2001|p=67]

From its opening through the 2008 season, PNC Park's tickets have remained between $9 to $35 for general admission. [cite web|title= PNC Park Info|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/info/tickets.html|accessdate= 2008-04-11] cite web|title= PNC Park Seating Chart - 2008|publisher= PittsburghPirates.com|url= http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/pit/ticketing/seating_pricing.jsp|accessdate= 2008-04-07] The stadium includes 69 luxury suites and 5,558 suite and club seats, with prices ranging from $47 to $210 per ticket throughout the 2008 season. One of only two teams not to increase ticket prices entering the 2008 season, PNC Park ranks as having the third-cheapest average ticket prices in the league. [cite news |first= Todd |last= Krise|title= PNC Park a big league bargain|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080611&content_id=2890105&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit&partnerId=rss_pit|publisher= MLB.com|date= 2008-06-12|accessdate=2008-06-12] Attendance throughout the 2008 season averaged 20,113 spectators per game, 28th in the 30-team league. [cite web |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/attendance?sort=home_avg&year=2008&seasonType=2|title= MLB Attendance Report - 2008|accessdate=2008-10-23|publisher= ESPN.com] The low attendance has come as a result of the Pirates' play; as of 2008, the team has not had a winning record since 1992. [cite news |first= Alan|last= Robinson|coauthors= Bernie Wilson|title= Pirates’ losing run reaches the record book|url= http://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news?slug=ap-losingpirates&prov=ap&type=lgns|publisher= Yahoo! Sports|date= 2008-09-29|accessdate=2008-09-29] Through 2004, 5% of games played at PNC Park were sold out.

Eateries

As with its predecessor, PNC Park's culinary service provider is Aramark. [cite web|title= Aramark to Feature Local Favorites From Around the League During Mid-Summer Classic|url= http://www.aramark.com/PressReleaseDetailTemplate.aspx?PostingID=871&ChannelID=321|publisher= Aramark|date= 2006-05-27|accessdate=2008-07-20] [cite web |url= http://www.aramark.com/BallparkContentTemplate.aspx?PostingID=698&ChannelID=325|title= Food Services|accessdate=2008-07-20 |work= Major League Partners|publisher= Aramark] The main eating concourse, known as "Tastes of Pittsburgh", features a wide range of options including traditional ballpark foods, hometown specialties, and more exotic fare like sushi.cite news|last= Jones|first= Diana Nelson|title= Buy me some peanuts and uh, sushi?|publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2001-04-15|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncfood9.asp|accessdate= 2008-04-19] Pittsburgh's hometown specialties include Primanti Brothers sandwiches, whose signature item consists of meat, cheese, hand-cut french fries, tomatoes, and coleslaw between two slices of Italian bread. [cite journal |last= Kadushin|first= Raphael|coauthors= David McLain|year= 2003|month= August|title= 15222: Come Hungry|journal= National Geographic Magazine|pages= pp. 114–22|url= http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature6/index.html|accessdate=2008-07-24] [cite news |first= Kelly|last= Bradish|title= The Primanti's tradition|url= http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_108257.html|publisher= "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review"|date= 2002-12-19|accessdate=2008-07-26] Other local eateries offered include Mrs. T's Pierogies, Quaker Steak and Lube, and Benkovitz Seafood. Located behind center field seating is "Manny's BBQ", which offers various barbecue meals. It is named for former Pirates' catcher Manny Sanguillén, who has been known to sign autographs for fans waiting in line. [cite news |first= Peter|last= Meehan|title= Finding the Hits, Avoiding the Errors|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E0DC143BF93BA35755C0A96E9C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=4|work= Travel|publisher= "The New York Times"|date= 2008-06-08|accessdate=2008-07-26] For the 2008 season, the Pirates created an all-you-can-eat section in the right field corner. Fans seated in the section are allowed "unlimited hotdogs, hamburgers, nachos, salads, popcorn, peanuts, ice cream and soda" for an entire game. [cite web|last= Batz Jr.|first= Bob|title= At PNC Park, 'All-You-Can-Eat' seats |publisher= "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"|date= 2008-04-03|url= http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08094/869987-34.stm|accessdate= 2008-04-07] In addition to the food offered, fans are free to bring their own food into the stadium, a rarity among the league's ballparks.harvnb|Ahuja|2001|p=68]

Notes

References

*cite book |title= Fields of Dreams: A Guide to Visiting and Enjoying All 30 Major League Ballparks|last= Ahuja|first= Jay|year= 2001|publisher= Citadel Press|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qQjs_j59H4sC|isbn= 0806521937
*cite book |title= Honus Wagner: A Biography|last= DeValeria|first= Dennis|coauthors= Jeanne Burke DeValeria|year= 1995|publisher= University of Pittsburgh Press|location= Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|isbn= 0-82295665-9
*cite book |title= The Ultimate Baseball Road-trip: A Fan's Guide to Major League Stadiums |last= Pahigian|first= Josh|coauthors= Joshua Pahigian, Kevin O'Connell|year= 2004|publisher= Globe Pequot|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=FM1YtoSZEnAC|isbn= 1592281591
*cite book |title= Insiders' Guide to Pittsburgh|last= Phillips|first= Jenn|coauthors= Loriann Hoff Oberlin, Evan M. Pattak|year= 2005|publisher= Globe Pequot|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=5LLLo1CV93QC&pg=PA314&dq=PNC+Park&sig=ACfU3U2B1cRhDsQ1KzyXz4O11akukkHnEQ#PPA314,M1|isbn= 0762735074

External links

* [http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/pit/ballpark/index.jsp PNC Park at Pirates Official website]