Dawn simulation

Dawn simulation is a technique originally developed to help treat seasonal affective disorder, but can be used as a soundless alarm clock to wake up the body naturally. Typically, the treatment involves timing lights in the bedroom to come on gradually, over a period of 30 minutes to 2 hours, before awakening.

History

The concept of dawn simulation was first patented in 1890^[1] as "mechanical sunrise". Modern electronic units were patented in 1973.^[2] Variations and improvements seem to get patented every few years. Clinical trials were conducted by David Avery, MD,^[3] in the 1980s at Columbia University following a long line of basic laboratory research that showed animals' circadian rhythms to be exquisitely sensitive to the dim, gradually rising dawn signal at the end of the night.

Clinical use

There are two types of dawn that have been used effectively in a clinical setting: a naturalistic dawn mimicking a springtime sunrise (but used in mid-winter when it is still dark outside), and a sigmoidal-shaped dawn (30 minutes to 2 hours). When used successfully, patients are able to sleep through the dawn and wake up easily at the simulated sunrise, after which the day's treatment is over. The theory behind dawn simulation is based on the fact that early morning light signals are much more effective at advancing the biological clock than are light signals given at other times of day (see Phase response curve).

Comparison with bright light therapy

Dawn simulation generally uses light sources that range in illuminance from 100 to 300 lux, while bright light boxes are usually in the 10,000-lux range. Approximately 19%^[4] of patients discontinue post-awakening bright light therapy due to inconvenience. Because the entire treatment is complete before awakening, dawn simulation may be a more convenient alternative to post-awakening bright light therapy. In terms of efficacy, some studies have shown dawn simulation to be more effective than standard bright light therapy while others have shown no difference or shown that bright light therapy is superior.^[5][6] Some patients with SAD use both dawn simulation and bright light therapy to provide maximum effect at the start of the day.

Other uses

In an elaboration of the method, patients have also been presented with a dim dusk signal at bedtime, with indications that it eases sleep onset. In addition, the technique has been used clinically^{[citation needed]} with patients who suffer from delayed sleep phase syndrome, helping them to awaken earlier in gradual steps, as the simulated dawn is moved earlier.

Non-clinical sleep and wake-up uses

A dawn simulator can be used as an alarm clock. Light enters through the eyelids triggering the body to begin its wake-up cycle, including the release of cortisol, so that by the time the light is at full brightness, sleepers wake up on their own, without the need for an alarm.

References

1. ^ http://www.google.com/patents?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=mechanical%20sunrise&btnG=Search%20Patents&scoring=2
2. ^ http://www.google.com/patents?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=artificial+sunrise&btnG=Search+Patents
3. ^ http://depts.washington.edu/pbscifac/Avery_CV.pdf
4. ^ Avery DH; Eder DN, Bolte MA, Hellekson CJ, Dunner DL, Vitiello MV, Prinz PN (August 2001). "Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study". Biological Psychiatry 50 (3): 205–216. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01200-8. PMID 11513820. http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223%2801%2901200-8/abstract. 
5. ^ Terman M, Terman JS (December 2006). "Controlled trial of naturalistic dawn simulation and negative air ionization for seasonal affective disorder". Am J Psychiatry 163 (12): 2126–33. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.12.2126. PMID 17151164. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17151164. 
6. ^ Avery DH, et al. (2001). "Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study". Biol Psychiatry. 50 (3): 205–16. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01200-8. PMID 11513820. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-43RJ7CF-8&_coverDate=08%2F01%2F2001&_alid=509264218&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4982&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000022721&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=489256&md5=c2dc9bcba4a21f35f9482ab0fd10cd1a. 

Further reading

• Terman M, Schlager D, Fairhurst S, Perlman B (April 1989). "Dawn and dusk simulation as a therapeutic intervention". Biol. Psychiatry 25 (7): 966–70. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90276-X. PMID 2720008. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0006-3223(89)90276-X.