Resident Evil

Resident Evil
This article is about the media franchise. For the first video game in the franchise, see Resident Evil (video game). For the first film, see Resident Evil (film). For other uses, see Resident Evil (disambiguation).
Resident Evil
Resident Evil logo.png
The logo used from 1996 to 2001
Genres Survival horror
Developers Capcom
Publishers Capcom
Creators Shinji Mikami
Platform of origin PlayStation
First release Resident Evil
March 22, 1996
Latest release Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D
June 2, 2011

Resident Evil, known as Biohazard (バイオハザード Baiohazādo?) in Japan, is a media franchise owned by the video game company Capcom. It was created by Shinji Mikami as a survival horror game series that was initiated with the eponymous PlayStation title Resident Evil in 1996. Since then, the game series has strayed from its roots to include action games, and has sold 45 million units as of March 2011.[1] The Resident Evil media franchise has been expanded to comic books, novels and novelizations, sound dramas, live-action and the computer-generated feature films, and a variety of collectibles, such as action figures and strategy guides.[2]

Contents

History

Time line of release years
1996 —
— Resident Evil
1997 —
— Resident Evil: Director's Cut
1998 —
— Resident Evil 2
1999 —
— Resident Evil 3: Nemesis
2000 —
— Resident Evil Survivor

— Resident Evil Code: Veronica
2001 —
— Resident Evil Gaiden
2002 —
— Resident Evil (Gamecube Remake)

— Resident Evil Zero
2003 —
— Resident Evil: Dead Aim

— Resident Evil Outbreak
2004 —
— Resident Evil Outbreak File #2
2005 —
— Resident Evil 4
2006 —
— Resident Evil: Deadly Silence
2007 —
— Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles
2008 —
2009 —
— Resident Evil 5

— Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles
2010 —
2011 —
— Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D
2012 —
— Resident Evil: Revelations

— Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City

The survival horror video game Resident Evil made its debut on the PlayStation in 1996, and was later ported to the Sega Saturn. It was a critical and commercial success,[3] leading to the production of two sequels, Resident Evil 2 in 1998 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis in 1999, both for the PlayStation. A port of Resident Evil 2 was released for the Nintendo 64. In addition, ports of all three were released for Windows. The fourth game in the series, Resident Evil Code: Veronica, was developed for the Sega Dreamcast and released in 2000, followed by ports of 2 and 3. Resident Evil Code: Veronica was later re-released for Dreamcast in Japan in an updated form as Code: Veronica Complete, which included slight changes, many of which revolved around story cutscenes. This updated version was later ported to PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube under the title Code: Veronica X.

Despite earlier announcements that the next game in the series would be released for the PlayStation 2, which resulted in the creation of an unrelated game titled Devil May Cry, series' creator and producer Shinji Mikami decided to make the series exclusively for the Nintendo GameCube.[4] The next three games in the series—a remake of the original Resident Evil and the prequel Resident Evil Zero, both released in 2002, as well as Resident Evil 4—were all released initially as GameCube exclusives. Resident Evil 4 was later released for Windows, PS2 and Wii. In addition, the GameCube received ports of the previous Resident Evil sequels. Despite this exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo, Capcom released several Resident Evil titles for the PS2 that were not considered direct sequels.

A trilogy of GunCon-compatible light gun games known as the Gun Survivor series featured first person game play. The first, Resident Evil Survivor, was released in 2000 for the PlayStation and PC, but received mediocre reviews.[5] The subsequent games, Resident Evil Survivor 2 Code: Veronica and Resident Evil: Dead Aim, fared somewhat better.[6] Dead Aim is actually the fourth Gun Survivor game in Japan, with Gun Survivor 3 being the Dino Crisis spin-off Dino Stalker. In a similar vein, the Chronicles series features first person game play, albeit on an on-rails path. Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles was released in 2007 for the Wii, with a follow up, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles released in 2009.

Resident Evil Outbreak is an online game for the PS2, released in 2003, depicting a series of episodic storylines in Raccoon City set during the same time period as Resident Evil 2 and 3. It was followed by a sequel, Resident Evil Outbreak File #2. Raccoon City is a fictional metropolis located in the Arklay Mountains of North America that succumbed to the deadly T-Virus outbreak and was consequently destroyed via a nuclear missile attack issued by the United States government. The town served a critical junction for the series' progression as one of the main catalysts to Umbrella's downfall as well as the entry point for some of the series' most notable characters.

Resident Evil Gaiden is an action-adventure game for the Game Boy Color featuring an RPG-style combat system. There have also been several downloadable mobile games based on the Resident Evil series in Japan. Some of these mobile games have been released in North America and Europe through T-Mobile.

Future

At the Sony press conference during the E3 2009 trade show, it was announced that a game titled Resident Evil Portable would be released for the PlayStation Portable.[7] In March 2011, Capcom revealed the third-person shooter Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, which is currently in development by Slant Six Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. A survival horror game for the Nintendo 3DS, Resident Evil: Revelations, is slated to be released in February of 2012.[8] Resident Evil 5 producer Jun Takeuchi said that he considered a "completely new system" for Resident Evil 6, but later ruled out his involvement with the game.[9][10] In March 2009, co-producer Masachika Kawata stated that the new installment was not decided upon, but that it could take Capcom four to eight years to develop.[11] A more recent report on EGMNOW.com quotes sources familiar with the project who indicate that the series will soon return to its roots and be "brutally scary." .[12]

Related media

In addition to video games, the plot of Resident Evil has been introduced as officially licensed material for films, comic books, and novels.

Films

Main article: Resident Evil (film series)

Four live action films have been released under the title of Resident Evil. These films do not follow the games' premise but do include game characters Jill Valentine, Claire Redfield, Nemesis, Chris Redfield and Albert Wesker, and were all written and produced by Paul W.S. Anderson. The series' main protagonist is Alice, an original character created for these films. Despite a negative reaction from critics, the live action film series has made over $600 million worldwide.[13] They are, to date, the only video game adaptations to increase the amount of money made by each successive film.[14]

One CGI movie has been produced starring Leon Kennedy and Claire Redfield. Another is being produced.

  • Resident Evil: Degeneration (2008; dir. Makoto Kamiya)
  • Resident Evil: Damnation (2012)

In addition, there is a stand-alone short film.

Novels

The earliest Resident Evil novel was a novella titled Biohazard: The Beginning by Hiroyuki Ariga. It was published in 1997 as a portion of the book The True Story of Biohazard, which was given away as a pre-order bonus with the Saturn version of Biohazard. The story serves as a prelude to the events of the original Resident Evil, in which Chris investigates the disappearance of his missing friend, Billy Rabbitson.

S. D. Perry has written novelizations of the first five games, as well as two original novels taking place between games. Her seven titles are:

  • The Umbrella Conspiracy, a novelization of the first game.
  • Caliban Cove, an original novel set after the first game.
  • 'City of the Dead, a novelization of Resident Evil 2.
  • Underworld, another original novel set after Resident Evil 2
  • Nemesis, a novelization of the third installment of the franchise.
  • Code: Veronica, a novelization of the homonymous game.
  • Zero Hour, a novelization of the prequel game.

The novels often took liberties with the plot of the games by exploring events occurring outside and beyond the games. This often meant that the games would later contradict the novels by taking the story to a different direction.[16] One notable addition from the novels is the original character Trent, who often served as a mysterious behind-the-scenes string-puller who aided the main characters. Perry's novels were translated and released in Japan with new cover arts by Wolfina.[17] Perry's novels, particularly The Umbrella Conspiracy, also alluded to events in Biohazard: The Beginning, such as the disappearance of Billy Rabbitson and Brian Irons' bid to run for Mayor.

There was also a trilogy of original Biohazard novels in Japan. Hokkai no Yōjū (北海の妖獣?, lit. "The Strange Beast of the North Sea") was published in 1998 and was written by Kyū Asakura and the staff of Flagship. Two additional novels were published in 2002, To the Liberty by Suien Kimura and Rose Blank by Tadashi Aizawa. While no official English translation of these novels has been published yet, the last two books were translated into German and published in 2006.

Novelizations of the three films, titled Genesis, Apocalypse, and Extinction were written by Keith R. A. DeCandido. The Genesis novel was published over two years after the respective film while the Extinction novel was released in late July 2007, two months before the film's release. There was also a Japanese novelization of the first film, unrelated to DeCandido's version, written by Osamu Makino.

Comics

On April 1997 Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic based on the original Resident Evil, released through a promotional giveaway alongside the original PlayStation game.

In 1998, Wildstorm began producing a monthly comic book series based on the first two games titled Resident Evil: The Official Comic Magazine, which lasted five issues. The first four issues were published by Image, while the fifth and final issue was published by Wildstorm themselves. Each issue was a compilation of short stories that were both adaptations of events from the games, as well as related side-stories. Like the Perry novels, the comics also explored events occurring beyond Resident Evil 2 (the latest game during the series' publication) and thus were contradicted by later games.

Wildstorm also published a four-issue miniseries titled Resident Evil: Fire & Ice, which depicted the ordeal of Charlie Team, a third STARS team created specifically for the comic. In 2009, Wildstorm reprinted Fire & Ice in a graphic novel collection.[18]

In Hong Kong, there has been officially licensed Biohazard manhua adaptations of Biohazard 3 and Code: Veronica by Lee Chung Hing. The latter was translated into English and published by Wildstorm as a series of four graphic novel collections.

In 2009, Wildstorm began publishing a comic book prequel to Resident Evil 5, simply titled Resident Evil, which centers around two original members of the BSAA named Mina Gere and Holiday Sugarman. Written by Ricardo Sanchez and illustrated by Kevin Sharpe and Jim Clark, the first issue was published on March 11, 2009. On November 11, 2009, the third issue was released and the fourth was released March 24, 2010. The sixth and final book was finally published in February 2011.[19]

Merchandise

Over the years, various toy companies have acquired the Resident Evil license and each producing their own unique line of Resident Evil action figures or models. These include, but not limited to, Toy Biz, Palisade Toys and Moby Dick (in Japan only). NECA and Hot Toys currently holds a license. Originally the company was only producing figures based on Resident Evil 4, but extended the line to include characters from previous installments. Tokyo Marui also produced replicas of the guns used in the Resident Evil series in the form of gas blow-back airsoft guns. Some models included the STARS Beretta featured in Resident Evil 3, and the Desert Eagle in a limited edition that came with other memorabilia in a wooden case, along with the Gold Lugers from Code: Veronica and the "Samurai Edge" pistol from the Resident Evil remake. The Resident Evil airsoft guns were recently named #6 on a list of 10 "Rarest Resident Evil Collectibles",[20] a list that covered the highest paid Resident Evil merchandise on eBay. Other merchandise includes an energy drink called "T-Virus Antidote". The most recently released merchandise is a set of three action figures: Chris Redfield and Sheva Alomar, and the Executioner Majini, a mini-boss in Resident Evil 5.

Source books

Resident Evil Archives is a reference guide of the Resident Evil series written by staff members of Capcom. It was translated into English and published by BradyGuides. The guide describes and summarizes all of the key events that occur in Resident Evil Zero, Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3, and Code: Veronica. Along with the main plot analysis, it also contains character relationship charts, artwork, item descriptions and file transcripts for all five games. While one of the few video game-based reference guides that was translated into English, the translation was criticized by fans for inconsistencies with the original Japanese version[citation needed], as well as inconsistencies in the official translations provided by the games themselves[citation needed].

Reception

Aggregate review scores
As of March 3, 2011.
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Resident Evil (PS1) 89.95%[21]
(GC) 89.67%[22]
(PC) 80.00%[23]
(SAT) 75.33%[24]
(Wii) 73.43%[25]
(NDS) 71.91%[26]		 (PS1) 91[27]
(GC) 91[28]
(Wii) 76[29]
(NDS) 71[30]
Resident Evil 2 (PS1) 92.57%[31]
(N64) 86.77%[32]
(DC) 79.75%[33]
(PC) 79.59%[34]
(GC) 63.30%[35]		 (PS1) 89[36]
(N64) 89[37]
(DC) 77[38]
(GC) 59[39]
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis (PS1) 88.48%[40]
(DC) 81.11%[41]
(PC) 74.15%[42]
(GC) 63.71%[43]		 (DC) 79[44]
(PC) 71[45]
(GC) 62[46]
Resident Evil Code: Veronica (DC) 93.63%[47]
(PS2) 82.77%[48]
(GC) 64.32%[49]		 (PS2) 84[50]
(GC) 62[51]
Resident Evil Zero (GC) 84.15%[52]
(Wii) 61.60%[53]		 (GC) 83[54]
(Wii) 62[55]
Resident Evil 4 (PS2) 95.77%[56]
(GC) 95.75%[57]
(Wii) 91.45%[58]
(PC) 74.24%[59]		 (PS2) 96[60]
(GC) 96[61]
(Wii) 91[62]
(PC) 76[63]
Resident Evil 5 (PS3) 87.11%[64]
(PC) 86.29%[65]
(X360) 86.19%[66]		 (PC) 86[67]
(PS3) 84[68]
(X360) 83[69]
Resident Evil: Revelations (3DS) -[70] (3DS) -[71]

Using horror elements, puzzle solving, and a lot of action, most of the games in the main Resident Evil series have been released to positive reviews. Resident Evil was called "The Greatest Game series of all time." by multiple gaming magazines after the fourth game was released. Many of the games, most notably Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 4, have been bestowed with multiple Game of the Year honors[72] and frequently placed on lists of the best games ever made.[73] A common criticism of the series is its odd placement of puzzles. When speaking of Code: Veronica, one critic wrote that the game is "still largely a puzzle-driven (as opposed to plot driven) experience."[74] Capcom has been commended, however, for making an attempt to phase out and better integrate the puzzles, with IGN writing that the puzzles of Resident Evil 4 are "not so obscure that they can't be figured out, and indeed many of them are downright clever."[75]

See also

  • Genetic engineering in fiction
  • List of zombie video games
  • Alone in the Dark - a survival horror video game which inspired Resident Evil.
  • Devil May Cry - a video game that was originally planned to be Resident Evil 4.
  • Dino Crisis - a similar video game series from the same development team.
  • Silent Hill - a survival horror video game series regarded as the primary rival of Resident Evil.[76]
  • Sweet Home - a survival horror game which inspired Resident Evil.
  • Onimusha - a video game series of Capcom from the same development team.
  • Marvel Vs. Capcom 2 - the second installment in the Marvel Vs. Capcom series of crossover fighting video games; Jill Valentine appears as a playable character in this game.
  • Marvel Vs. Capcom 3 - the third and latest installment of the Marvel Vs. Capcom series of crossover fighting video games; Albert Wesker, Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine (all in Resident Evil 5 edition) appear as playable characters in this game.
  • A brand new game entitled Ultimate Marvel Vs. Capcom 3 includes Nemesis as a playable character.
  • Raccoon City: Police Officer when GameSpot gave it the rating "poor" 4.8/10 review as: Raccoon City: Police Officer is so unpolished that it's far more than a chore to pleasure to play. IGN scored it as rating "6/10". It was released for Xbox and PS2 in 2003.
  • Raccoon City 2: Police Detective when GameSpot gave it the rating "fair" 6.4/10 review as: Raccoon City 2 is just flat-out hard in most every way you can think of. IGN scored it as rating: "5.5/10". It was released for Xbox and PS2 in 2004.

References

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v · d · eResident Evil series
Main series (canon games)
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  • Caliban Cove
  • City of the Dead
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Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

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  • Resident Evil 0 — Resident Evil (jap. バイオハザード Biohazard) ist eine Videospiel Reihe der japanischen Softwarefirma Capcom. In Japan am 22. März 1996 unter dem Namen Biohazard erschienen, gilt die Reihe für viele Videospieler als Inbegriff des Survival Horror Genres …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Resident Evil 4 — Éditeur Capcom Développeur Capcom Prod. Studio 4 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Resident Evil 5 — Éditeur Capcom Développeur Capcom Concepteur …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Resident Evil — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Resident Evil (conocido en Japón como Biohazard (バイオハザード, Baiohazādo?) es una saga de videojuegos del género Survival horror, creada por Shinji Mikami y desarrollada por la compañía nipona Capcom. Su primera entrega… …   Wikipedia Español

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  • Resident Evil 1 — Resident Evil  Cet article concerne la série de jeu vidéo Resident Evil. Pour le premier jeu de la série, voir Resident Evil (jeu vidéo). Pour le film, voir Resident Evil (film). Resident Evil (Biohazard バイオハザード au Japon) est une série de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Resident Evil 5 — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Resident Evil 5 Desarrolladora(s) Capcom Distribuidora(s) Capcom Diseñador(es) Nakatsuah Sawa …   Wikipedia Español

  • Resident Evil 2 — Обложка ПК издания игры Разработчик …   Википедия

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