Slender rainbow sardine

Slender rainbow sardine
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Clupeiformes
Family:	Clupeidae
Genus:	Dussumieria
Species:	D. elopsoides
Binomial name
Dussumieria elopsoides (Bleeker, 1849)

The Slender rainbow sardine (Dussumieria elopsoides) is a small, subtropical, salt water fish of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea which was first described by Bleeker in 1849. Dussumieria hasselti and Dussumieria productissima are synonyms for this same fish. It is a round herring of the family Clupeidae.

Until the 1980s in the eastern Mediterranean slender rainbow sardines were frequently confused with the rainbow sardine (Dussumieria acuta). Wangratana (1980) demonstrated the differences between Dussumieria acuta and Dussumieria elopsoides, while Whitehead (1985) and Randall (1996) showed that Dussumieria elopsoides does occur in the Mediterranean.

Morphology

• Size: 8 cm. to 18 cm.
• Color: silvery on the sides darkening to bluish grey on the back, and lightening to almost white on the underside.
• Shape: The slender rainbow sardine has an elongated body, with round belly and a pointed nose. The single dorsal (back) fin is slightly behind midpoint. The tail fin is heavily forked. The scales are very delicate and are easily detached. Like other sardines it has no lateral line, and no scales on the head.

The slender rainbow sardine is primarily differentiated from the rainbow sardine, because the slender rainbow sardines do not have tiny radiating striae on the posterior part of their scales. There is some indication that the slender rainbow sardine may tend to have more vertebra than the rainbow sardine.^[1]

Distribution

Originally restricted to the tropical and subtropical portions of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, the slender rainbow sardine is found off shores from Taiwan and the Philippines, to northern Australia, to east Africa, Madagascar and into the Red Sea. The slender rainbow sardine found its way into the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal. It is now found in the eastern Mediterranean off the shores from Turkey to Egypt. It has been reported as far east in the Pacific as the Solomon Islands.

Habits

The slender rainbow sardine swims in schools and while pelagic it is generally found near shores. It feeds on zooplankton, mainly crustacean and smaller fish. The slender rainbow sardine spawns mainly in spring. Its eggs, and when they hatch the larvae, drift passively until they metamorphose into free-swimming fish.

Economics

Like other sardines the slender rainbow sardine is caught both as a bait fish and for human consumption. Frequently fishermen catch them in shore with a purse seine (an encircling net) and then release them in deeper water where they attract larger fish.

Some sardines are made into fish meal which is then used as an animal feed or plant supplement. Oil is also extracted for a variety of uses from varnish to cooking oil.

FAO code: CLUP Duss 2

Notes

1. ^ Ishimori, Hiro and Yoshino, Tetsuo Larvae and Juveniles of Dussumieria Elopsoides from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan The Ichthyological Society of Taiwan

References

• Whitehead, Peter J.P., (1985) Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeodei). Part1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Species Catalogue 7. FAO, UN, Rome. x +303 pp ISBN 92-5-102340-9 ;
• Lissner, H., (1949) Sardine fishing in Israel. Sea fisheries Research Station, Scientific Technical Information, 2: 1-25.
• Ben-Tuvia, A., (1953) “New Erythrean fishes from the Mediterranean coast of Israel.” Nature, 172:464-465.
• El-Sayed, R.S., (1994) Check-list of Egyptian Mediterranean fishes. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt. 77 + ix pp.
• Mahgoub, Osman et al. (May 2005) “Evaluation of sun-dried sardines as a protein supplement for Omani sheep.” Animal Feed Science & Technology 120(3/4): pp 245-257.

External links

• Dussumieria elopsoides Integrated Taxonomic Information System;
• Dussumieria elopsoides - Slender rainbow sardine FishBase;
• Dussumieria elopsoides The Mediterranean Science Commission;
• distribution map from Lifemapper;