RAF Horsham St Faith

Infobox Military Structure
name= Royal Air Force Station Horsham St Faith
USAAF Station 123
location= Located Near Norwich, Norfolk, England
coordinates=coord|52|40|33|N|01|16|58|E|


caption=
type= Military Airfield
code=HF
built=1939
builder=
materials=
height=
used=1939-1963
demolished=
condition=
ownership=
controlledby=Royal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
garrison=
commanders=
occupants=RAF Bomber Command
Eighth Air Force
RAF Fighter Command
battles= European Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945Location map|Norfolk
label =
lat = 52.67
long = 1.28
caption = Map showing the location of RAF Horsham St Faith within Norfolk.
float = right
background = white
width = 200 : "For the civil use of this facility after 1963, see Norwich International Airport"RAF Horsham St Faith was a Royal Air Force station near Norwich, Norfolk, England from 1939 to 1963. It was then developed as Norwich International Airport.

RAF Bomber Command use

The airfield was first developed in 1939 and officially opened on 1 June 1940 as a bomber station. It had been built pre-war and had five C-type hangars, permanent brick and tiled buildings with central-heating and a high standard of domestic accommodation.

The first aircraft there were Bristol Blenheims dispersed from No. 21 Squadron RAF at RAF Watton in 1939 but the first operational aircraft there were fighters: Supermarine Spitfires of No. 19 and No. 66 squadrons from RAF Duxford.

Boulton Paul Defiants of A Flight No. 264 Squadron RAF began sorties on 12 May 1940.

The first operational bomber units were No. 139 Squadron RAF and No. 114 Squadron RAF of No. 2 Group of Bomber Command with the Blenheim IV. No. 114 then moved onto RAF Oulton which was a new satellite station for Horsham

Two of the early visitors to the new airfield were the Right Honourable Neville Chamberlain and General Sir Alan Brooke.

In August 1941, an aircraft from No. 18 Squadron RAF flying from Horsham St. Faith en route to attack a power station at Gosnay, dropped a box by parachute over the south-west corner of the airfield at St. Omer-Longeunesse, containing a pair of legs for Wing Commander Douglas Bader who had been shot down over France and had lost his artificial limbs in the process.

In December 1941 No. 105 Squadron RAF arrived from RAF Swanton Morley to begin training on the new de Havilland Mosquito fast bomber and from June 1942, the squadron carried out photographic and bombing missions over Germany.

United States Army Air Force use

In September 1942 Horsham St Faith was made available to the United States Army Air Force for use by the Eighth Air Force. The USAAF designated the airfield as Station 123 (HF).

;319th Bombardment Group (Medium) The first USAAF tenants at the airfield was the 319th Bombardment Group (Medium), arriving from RAF Shipdham on 4 October 1942. Flying the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the group only stayed until 11 November when the group was transferred to Twelfth Air Force at St-Leu, Algeria.

The airfield then lay unused over the winter.

;56th Fighter GroupWith the departure of the Mitchells to North Africa, the next USAAF group to use Horsham St. Faith was the 56th Fighter Group, transferring from RAF Kings Cliffe on 6 April 1943. The group consisted of the following squadrons:

* 61st Fighter Squadron (HV)
* 62d Fighter Squadron (LM)
* 63d Fighter Squadron (UN)

The group entered combat with a fighter sweep in the area of St Omer on 13 April 1943, and flew numerous missions over France, the Low Countries, and Germany to escort bombers that attacked industrial establishments, V-weapon sites, submarine pens, and other targets on the Continent.

On 8 July, the group had to move to RAF Halesworth when work started on enlarging Horsham St. Faith for use as a heavy bomber station with hard surface runways and concrete hardstands and a perimeter track. The move was not particularly popular with the men of the 56th who had to give up the comparative comfort of Horsham's barracks for the temporary hut (and muddy) accommodations at Halesworth.

;458th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

With runway construction finished, The 458th Bomb Group (Heavy), arrived at Horsham St. Faith late in January 1944 from Tonopah AAF Nevada. The group flew its first mission on February 24 with B-24 Liberators.

On 2 March a returning bomber crashed on nearby Hellesdon which was under the flightpath. In September 1944, like other bomber groups in the area it participated in shipping fuel for American forces to France.

The group flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945, flying 240 missions losing 47 aircraft in combat along with another 18 before returning to Sioux Falls AAF South Dakota in July 1945.

Postwar Royal Air Force use

The airfield was transferred to RAF Fighter Command on 10 July 1945 when it was occupied by four Gloster Meteor Squadrons one of which. No. 307, was entirely composed of Polish personnel. Meteor jet aircraft arrived during 1946-48 and in June, an echo of the airfield's former occupants was provided by a visit from a Swedish P-51 Mustang squadron.

RAF Horsham St. Faith was a front-line RAF station for many years, and its squadrons participated in many post-war exercises. The station was inactivated on 1 August 1963.

Operational Royal Air Force units and aircraft

* No. 18 Squadron RAF (1941) - Bristol Blenheim IV
* No. 19 Squadron RAF (1940) - Supermarine Spitfire I
* No. 21 Squadron RAF detachment (1939-1940) - Bristol Blenheim IV
* No. 23 Squadron RAF (1952) - de Havilland Vampire NF10, (1955-1956 - Canberra's {1956-1957) - de Havilland Venom NF3, (1958-1959 & 1960) Gloster Javelin FAW4 & FAW7
* No. 34 Squadron RAF (1949-1951) - various target and target towing aircraft
* No. 64 Squadron RAF (1945) - North American Mustang III & IV, de Havilland Hornet F1
* No. 65 Squadron RAF (1946) - Supermarine Spitfire LF16E, de Havilland Hornet F1
* No. 66 Squadron RAF (1940_ - Supermarine Spitfire I
* No. 74 Squadron RAF (1946-1950) - Gloster Meteor F3 & F4
* No. 105 Squadron RAF (1941-1942) - de Havilland Mosquito IV
* No. 107 Squadron RAF detachment (1939-1941) - Bristol Blenheim IV
* No. 110 Squadron RAF detachment (1939-1942) - Bristol Blenheim IV
* No. 114 Squadron RAF (1940) - Bristol Blenheim IV
* No. 118 Squadron RAF (1945-1946) - North American Mustang III
* No. 139 Squadron RAF (1941) - Bristol Blenheim IV, (1942) - de Havilland Mosquito IV
* No. 141 Squadron RAF (1955-1956) - de Havilland Venom NF3
* No. 228 Squadron RAF detachment (1959-1964) - Bristol Sycamore HR14 then Westland Whirlwind HAR10
* No. 245 Squadron RAF (1946-1955) - Gloster Meteor F3, F4 & F8
* No. 257 Squadron RAF (1947-1950) - Gloster Meteor F3, F4 & F8
* No. 263 Squadron RAF (1947-1950) - Gloster Meteor F3, F4 & F8
* No. 275 Squadron RAF detachment (1957-1959) - Bristol Sycamore HR14, Westland Whirlwind HAR2 & HAR4
* No. 307 Polish Night Fighter Squadron (1945-1946) - de Havilland Mosquito XXX
* No. 695 Squadron RAF (1945-1949) - various target and target towing aircraft

Civil Use

With the end of military control, RAF Horsham St Faith was redeveloped into Norwich International Airport.

Most of the World War II buildings remain, although converted for a variety of purposes. Three of the five large pre-war hangars are still being used for aircraft maintenance. Two have been converted for commercial use. The control tower still exists although the top has been restored and a new tower has been built adjacent to the present main runway. Other wartime buildings now form part of the airport industrial estate (owned by the County and City Councils) and are intermingled with many newer structures.

The former RAF accommodation blocks situated towards Catton were until 1993 used by the University of East Anglia as accommodation for students. Known to students as "Fifers Lane" halls, these have since been demolished and the site redeveloped as housing. The remaining MOD property, formerly airmen's quarters, has become married quarters for nearby RAF stations.

Whilst most runways and taxi-tracks from the military airfield remain, only one runway is primarily used, east-west runway 09-27, which was extended eastwards by the RAF in 1956, to avoid take-offs and landings over built-up areas. A section of the old main runway is currently used for light aircraft.

Adjacent to the airport terminal building opened in 1988 there is a memorial display relating to the USAAF, consisting of photographs, paintings, and a plaque commemorating the American use of the airfield.

See also

* List of RAF stations
* USAAF Eighth Air Force - World War II

References

*United Kingdom AIP
* Freeman, Roger A. (1978) Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now. After the Battle ISBN 0900913096
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html] USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present
* [http://www.controltowers.co.uk/H-K/Horsham_St_Faith.htm] www.controltowers.co.uk Horsham St Faith

External links

* [http://www.norwichairport.co.uk Official site]
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/s23.html RAF Bomber Command History of Horsham St Faith]
* [http://www.458bg.com/index.htm 458th Bombardment Group website]
* [http://www.cnam.co.uk City of Norwich Aviation Museum website]