RAF Halesworth

Infobox Military Structure
name= Royal Air Force Station Halesworth
Royal Air Force Station Holton
USAAF Station 365
location= Located Near Southwold, Suffolk, United Kingdom
coordinates=coord|52|21|56|N|001|31|26|E|


caption= Halesworth Airfield about 1945
type= Military Airfield
code=HA
built=1942
builder=
materials=
height=
used=1942-1946
demolished=
condition=
ownership=
controlledby=United States Army Air Forces
garrison=Eighth Air Force
commanders=
occupants=56th Fighter Group
489th Bombardment Group
battles= European Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945 Location map|Suffolk
label =
lat = 52.37
long = 1.52
caption = Map showing the location of RAF Halesworth within Suffolk.
float = right
background = white
width = 200

RAF Halesworth (Also known as Holton) is a former World War II airfield in England. The field is convert|7|mi|km|0 west of Southwold in Suffolk.

USAAF use

Halesworth was built in 1942–1943 and was intended for use as a bomber station. It was built as a bomber station, with a 6,000 ft. main runway and two secondary runways of 4,200 ft length. There was an encircling perimeter track with 51 hardstands and two T-2 hangars. Nissen hut accommodations for about 3,000 personnel were also built south of the airfield.

The airfield was assigned USAAF designation Station 365 (HA).

56th Fighter Group

The first unit to use Halesworth was the 56th Fighter Group which arrived from RAF Horsham St Faith on 9 July 1943. Its operational squadrons were:

* 61st Fighter Squadron (HV)
* 62d Fighter Squadron (LM)
* 63d Fighter Squadron (UN)

Being only eight miles from the Suffolk coast, Halesworth was ideally located for escort fighter operations, where range was an important factor. For this reason the 56th Fighter Group was moved there. Flying P-47 Thunderbolts, the group flew numerous missions over France, the Low Countries, and Germany to escort bombers that attacked industrial establishments, V-weapon sites, submarine pens, and other targets on the Continent.

In addition the 56th strafed and dive-bombed airfields, troops, and supply points; attacked the enemy communications; and flew counter-air patrols.

The 56th became one of the most outstanding fighter organisations in the Eighth Air Force, producing many of the top fighter aces including Francis Gabreski and Robert S. Johnson. The group was responsible for pioneering most of the successful fighter escort tactics with the Thunderbolt and had many successes while operating from Halesworth.

On 19 April 1944. the group had to vacate the airfield as it was needed for a new B-24 Liberator group and was transferred to RAF Boxted.

489th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

The Eighth Air Force 489th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrived at Halesworth from Wendover AAF Utah on 1 May 1944. The group was assgned to the 20th Combat Bombardment Wing and the group tail code was a "Circle-W". It's operational squadrons were:

* 844th Bomb Squadron (4R)
* 845th Bomb Squadron (T4)
* 846th Bomb Squadron (8R)
* 847th Bomb Squadron (S4)

The 489th flew both the B-24 Liberator as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign. The group entered combat on 30 May 1944, and during the next few days concentrated on targets in France in preparation for the Normandy invasion. In an attack against coastal defenses near Wimereaux on 5 June 1944, the group's lead plane was seriously crippled by enemy fire, its pilot was killed, and the deputy group commander, Lt. Col. Leon R. Vance Jr., who was commanding the formation, was severely wounded; although his right foot was practically severed, Vance took control of the plane, led the group to a successful bombing of the target, and managed to fly the damaged aircraft to the coast of England, where he ordered the crew to bail out; believing a wounded man had been unable to jump, he ditched the plane in the English Channel and was rescued. For his action during this mission, Vance was awarded the Medal of Honor.

The group supported the landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944, and afterward bombed coastal defenses, airfields, bridges, railroads, and V-weapon sites in the campaign for France. Began flying missions into Germany in July, and engaged primarily in bombing strategic targets such as factories, oil refineries and storage plants, marshalling yards, and airfields in Ludwigshafen, Magdeburg, Brunswick, Saarbrucken, and other cities until November 1944.

Other operations included participating in the saturation bombing of German lines just before the breakthrough at St Lo in July, dropping food to the liberated French and to Allied forces in France during August and September, and carrying food and ammunition to Holland later in September.

The 489th Bomb Group returned to Bradley AAF Connecticut in November 1944 to prepare for redeployment to the Pacific theater. Redesignated 489th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) in March 1945 and was re-equipped with B-29 Superfortresses. The group was alerted for movement overseas in the summer of 1945, but war with Japan ended before the group left the US. Inactivated on 17 October 1945.

5th Emergency Rescue Squadron

In January 1945 the 5th Emergency Rescue Squadron moved to Halesworth from RAF Boxted with special P-47s , OA-10 Catalina amphibians and SB-17 Fortresses equipped with lifeboats for air-sea rescue work. The 5th ERS remained active, and it conducted many saves until the end of hostilities.

The airfield was also used until the end of the war as an operational training base for P-51 Mustang pilots.

Postwar Governmental Use

After the war, the Halesworth was closed for flying in February 1946. It was turned over to the Ministry of Food for storage until it was sold in 1963.

Civil Use

With the end of governmental control the land was returned to agricultural use and very few wartime buildings remain. Only a few derelict huts and ancillary buildings on some of the dispersed sites. Most of the runways, perimeter track, etc. which remain, like several other airfields are being utilized as a turkey plant with a number of large sheds erected on the runways.

In February 2007 Halesworth was reported as the location for an outbreak of so-called 'bird flu', resulting in the culling of 159,000 turkeys at the Bernard Matthews factory form that now resides on the old runways.

The cockpit section of a C-54 is on display at the old combat mess site which is further along the road from the memorial. A drop tank gives details of the three groups who served at Halesworth airfield during World War II.

In May 1983 the 489th Bomb Group was permanently commemorated by the dedication of a granite memorial which has been erected on a small plot of land at the southern end of the old north-south runway. Adjacent to this is a memorial to the 56th Fighter Group who also flew from Halesworth.

On the wall inside St. Peter's church, Holton there is a plaque in honor of all who flew from this airfield. Kneelers made by 489th Bomb Group veterans' wives are also in this church.

The 489th Bomb Group Museum is sited alongside 93rd Bomb Group Museum at Hardwick, Norfolk. A limited collection of 489th memorabilia is also on display at the 56th Fighter Group Museum which is on the Halesworth site.

ee also

* List of RAF stations
* USAAF Eighth Air Force - World War II

References

* Freeman, Roger A. (1978) Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now. After the Battle ISBN 0900913096
* Freeman, Roger A. (2001) The Mighty Eighth: The Colour Record. Cassell ISBN 0304357081
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.
* [http://www.controltowers.co.uk/H-K/Halesworth.htm www.controltowers.co.uk Halesworth]
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Loc.php?Base=Halesworth Halesworthat mighty8thaf.preller.us]
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present]

External links

* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/gallery/Halesworth Halesorth Airfield photo gallery]

* [http://www.multimap.com/map/photo.cgi?client=public&X=640000&Y=280000&scale=25000&width=700&height=400&gride=640220&gridn=279850&lang=&db=hcgaz&coordsys=gb Aerial photo of RAF Halesworth from Multimap.com]

* [http://www.halesworthairfieldmuseum.org.uk Halesworth Airfield Museum Official Website]