Urinalysis

Urinalysis

A urinalysis (or "UA") is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes.

Medical urinalysis

A typical medical urinalysis usually includes:

*a description of color and appearance.
*specific gravity - normally 1.010 to 1.030. This test detects ion concentration of the urine. Small amounts of protein or ketoacidosis tend to elevate results of the specific gravity.
*pH - normally 4.8 to 7.5.
*ketone bodies - normally negative (absent)
*protein - normally negative (absent)
*urobilinogen
*bilirubin
*glucose - normally negative (absent)
*RBC number
*WBC number
*hCG - normally absent, this hormone appears in the urine of pregnant women. Home pregnancy tests commonly detect this substance.

Microscopic examination

The numbers and types of cells and/or material such as urinary casts can yield a great detail of information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.
*eosinophiluria - associated with allergic interstitial nephritis, atheroembolic disease
*RBC casts - associated with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, malignant hypertension
*WBC casts - associated with acute interstitial nephritis, exudative glomerulonephritis, severe pyelonephritis
*(heme) granular casts - associated with acute tubular necrosis
*crystalluria -- associated with acute urate nephropathy (or "Acute uric acid nephropathy", AUAN)
*calcium oxalate - associated with ethylene glycol toxicity

ee also

*uroscopy, the ancient form of this analysis
*Medical technologist

External links

* [http://www.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/hw6580.asp WebMD]
* [http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050315/1153.html American Family Physician]
* [http://www.intensivecaring.com/urinalysis_interpretation.htm Interpreting urinalysis]
* [http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/DiseasesandCondition/Procedure/URINE_EXAMINATION.asp PediatricOnCall]
* [http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/glance.html Lab Tests Online: Urinalysis]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • urinalysis — 1889, from URINE (Cf. urine) + ANALYSIS (Cf. analysis) …   Etymology dictionary

  • urinalysis — ☆ urinalysis [yoor΄ə nal′ə sis ] n. pl. urinalyses [yoor΄ə nal′əsēz΄] [ModL] a physical, chemical, or microscopic analysis of a urine sample …   English World dictionary

  • Urinalysis — A test that determines the content of the urine. Because urine removes toxins and excess liquids from the body, it can contain important clues. Urinalysis can be used to detect some types of disease, particularly in the case of metabolic… …   Medical dictionary

  • urinalysis — /yoor euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. urinalyses / seez /. Med. an examination of the urine to determine the general health of the body and, specifically, kidney function, usually including measurement of pH, tests for protein, glucose, ketones, and… …   Universalium

  • urinalysis — noun (plural yses) Etymology: New Latin, irregular from urin + analysis Date: 1889 chemical analysis of urine …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • urinalysis — noun The comprehensive analysis of urine …   Wiktionary

  • urinalysis — Synonyms and related words: Pap test, anatomic diagnosis, biological diagnosis, biopsy, clinical diagnosis, cytodiagnosis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, digital examination, electrocardiography, electroencephalography, electromyography,… …   Moby Thesaurus

  • urinalysis — u·ri·nal·y·sis || ‚jÊŠrɪ nælÉ™sɪs /‚jÊŠÉ™r n. chemical or microscopic analysis of urine …   English contemporary dictionary

  • urinalysis — [ˌjʊərɪ nalɪsɪs] noun (plural urinalyses si:z) Medicine analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and microscopical means …   English new terms dictionary

  • urinalysis — uri·nal·y·sis …   English syllables

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