LaSalle (automobile)

Infobox Automobile


name =LaSalle
manufacturer =General Motors
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designer =:"For other uses of the name, see the LaSalle/La Salle disambiguation page."The LaSalle was an automobile product of General Motors Corporation and sold as a companion marque of Cadillac from 1927 to 1940. The two were linked by similarly-themed names, both being named for explorers—Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac and René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, respectively.

General Motors Companion Make Program

The LaSalle had its beginnings when General Motors' CEO, Alfred P. Sloan, noticed that his carefully crafted market segmentation program was beginning to develop price gaps in which General Motors had no product to sell.

As originally developed by Sloan, General Motors' market segmentation placed each of the company’s individual automobile makes into specific price points. The Chevrolet was designated as the entry level product. Next, (in ascending order), came the Oakland Motor Car, Oldsmobile, Buick, and ultimately, the Cadillac. However, during the robust 1920s, certain General Motors products began to shift out of the plan as the products improved and engine advances were made.

In an era where automotive brands were somewhat restricted to building a specific car per model year, Sloan surmised that the best way to bridge the gaps was to develop “companion” marques that could be sold through the current sales network.

Under the plan, the gap between the Chevrolet and the Oakland Motor Car would be filled by a new marque named Pontiac, a quality 6 cyl. car designed to sell for the price of a 4 cyl. The wide gap between Oldsmobile and Buick would be filled by two companion marques; Oldsmobile was assigned the up-market V8 engine, Viking automobile and Buick was assigned the more compact 6 cyl. Marquette. Cadillac, which had seen its base prices soar in the heady 1920s, was assigned the LaSalle as a companion car to fill the gap that existed between itself and Buick.

The Art and Colour of Harley Earl

What emerged as the LaSalle in 1927 is widely regarded as the beginning of modern American automotive styling. Its designer, Harley Earl, would launch a thirty year career as General Motors' Vice President of the newly created Art & Colour Studios, that still guide General Motors’ designs to this day.

Prior to the LaSalle, automobiles essentially followed a set pattern, with design changes set by engineering needs. The Ford Model T evolved over its extended run, but ever so slightly, making a 1927 Model T almost identical to a 1910 Model T.

Harley Earl, who had been hired by the Cadillac General Manager, Lawrence P. Fisher, conceived the LaSalle not as a junior Cadillac, but as something more agile and stylish. Influenced by the rakish Hispano-Suiza roadsters of the time, Earl’s LaSalle emerged as a smaller, yet elegant counterpoint to Cadillac’s larger cars, unlike anything else built by an American automotive manufacturer.

1927-1933

Built by Cadillac to its high standards, the LaSalle soon emerged as a trend-setting automobile. Earl was then placed in charge of overseeing the design of all of General Motors' vehicles.

The LaSalle was offered in a full-range of body styles, including Fisher and Fleetwood Metal Body-built custom designs. The roadster could also be ordered in two-tone color combinations, at a time when dark colors like black and navy blue were still the most familiar colors produced by manufacturers. Earl’s design even included a nod to the inspirational Hispano-Suiza, with the marque’s circled trademark “LaS” cast into the horizontal tie bar between the front lights.

Riding wheelbases ranged between convert|128|in|mm|0|abbr=on and convert|134|in|mm|0|abbr=on. The LaSalles of this era were also equipped with Cadillac’s “Ninety Degree V-8”, making the car fast, while its smaller size made it sportier and more agile.

On June 20, 1927, a LaSalle driven by Willard Rader, along with Gus Bell, on the track at the Milford Proving Grounds, achieved convert|952|mi|km, averaging convert|95.2|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on, with only seven minutes given over to refueling and tire changes. In comparison, the average speed at that year's Indianapolis 500 was convert|97.5|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on. The test at Milford would have continued; however, a problem in the oil system drew the test to an early close, approaching the 9:45 mark.

Later, the Great Depression, combined with LaSalle’s stalling sales' numbers, caused Cadillac to rethink its companion make. Both Buick and Oldsmobile had eliminated the Marquette and the Viking in 1930, their second model year. Cadillac also saw sales of its cars losing ground, as confirmed Cadillac buyers tried to trim pennies by buying the less expensive LaSalle. LaSalle sales also were falling, from a high of 22,691 models in 1929 to a low of 3,290 in 1932.

1934-1938

Beginning with the 1934 model year, a significant portion of the LaSalle was more closely related to the Oldsmobile, than to senior Cadillacs. Again, Earl’s work with the LaSalle resulted in a graceful vehicle, led by an elegant and thin radiator grille. Earl’s other contribution was the modern, airplane-styled, semi-shielded portholes along the side of the hood. All bodies were now made by Fleetwood Metal Body.

This new LaSalle was now priced $1,000 less than the least expensive Cadillac, its mission was not to fill a price gap, but to keep the luxury car division out of the red. Sales rebounded and almost doubled to 7,218 units for the year. A 1934 LaSalle Model 350 was chosen as the Pace Car for the Indianapolis 500 and a 1937 LaSalle Series 50 convertible also served as an Indy 500 Pace Car.

1939-1940

In its final years, the LaSalle once again became more Cadillac-like in its appearance and details. The narrow radiator grille opening was retained and was flanked by additional side grill work. Headlights, which had moved down and been secured to the “cat-walk”, were again attached to the radiator shell. One interesting feature, adopted by LaSalle in these years, was a Sunroof, marketed as the “Sunshine Turret Top”. Sales again climbed in 1939 to 23,028.

The 1940 and final LaSalle was introduced in October 1939 and as it had in its first year, with a full array of semi-custom body styles, including a convertible sedan. Harley Earl also oversaw this redesign. The LaSalle emerged with a smooth-flowing design, its trademark thin radiator flanked by a series of thin chrome slots, giving it a futuristic look.

1941

A 1941 LaSalle was planned and reached the design phase, before General Motors ended the product line. In its place, Cadillac fielded the “Series 61”, which placed Cadillac’s prestige closer to reality for a larger group of people. In its first year, the "61" enjoyed a production of over 29,000 units, almost three times that of LaSalle’s 1940 production.

LaSalle Hopefuls

At various points in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, General Motors issued Motorama cars and proposed new consumer automobiles under the design name of LaSalle. 1955 saw two Motorama dream-cars, the LaSalle II four-door hardtop and the LaSalle II Roadster. Sent to the crusher, both the four-door hardtop and the roadster were instead hidden in the back corner of the Warhoops Salvage Yard and were acquired, circa 1990, by Joe Bortz, a Chicago area nightclub owner, who has made a significant investment in restoring General Motors' Motorama cars.

In the early 1960s, General Motors' Vice President, William Mitchell, floated the idea that if Cadillac decided to go forward with the production of a personal luxury coupe currently being designed, that it could be marketed as the LaSalle. Cadillac passed on the design and instead, it was given to Buick and emerged as the Buick Riviera. (The 1967 Eldorado was Cadillac's entry into the personal luxury coupe market.) Again, in the 1970s when Cadillac was developing a new small luxury sedan, the LaSalle name was raised, but was passed over in favor of Cadillac Seville.

Hindsight

Collectors and historic auto enthusiasts have debated whether or not the LaSalle was killed off too soon or not soon enough. Though sales of LaSalle traditionally ran notably higher than those of Cadillac, there is some debate that LaSalle's close association with Cadillac diluted the marque's exclusive cachet. In 1941, the first model year without a LaSalle, Cadillac set an all-time sales record. In contrast, Packard eventually suffered by carrying inexpensive models for too long, compromising its reputation and sales strength as an equal luxury car competitor to Cadillac.

Of the four companion marques, only Pontiac survived, eclipsing the Oakland in 1931.

LaSalle in popular culture

*One of the most famous popular culture references to the LaSalle is in [http://www.songfacts.com/lyrics.php?findsong=2918 "Those Were the Days,"] the theme song to the TV show "All in the Family", with the line "Gee, our old LaSalle ran great." In later seasons, they carefully enunciated this line, because with the disappearance of the car from the market, viewers could not figure out what it referred to.
*A blue LaSalle was featured in the Adventures of Tintin book, King Ottokar's Sceptre [http://dardel.info/tintin/indexE.html] .
*A black LaSalle hearse appeared in the first James Bond movie, Dr No. The car was used by henchmen in the first action scene and also as a chase vehicle.

Notes and references

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External links

* [http://www.cadillaclasalleclub.org/index.shtml "Cadillac-LaSalle Club"]
* [http://www.100megsfree4.com/cadillac/lasalle/lasalle.htm "Comprehensive history of LaSalle, courtesy of Motorera"]