List of hybrid vehicles

This is a list of (plug-in or regular) hybrid vehicles in chronological order of first production:

Cars

Early designs: 1899-1917

* 1899: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles. [http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org/hybrid-vehicle-porsche.html The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle? ] ]

* 1900: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents. [ [http://www.hybridcars.com/history/history-of-hybrid-vehicles.html History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars ] ]

* 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner Porsche, a series of gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain. These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.

*1907: AL (French car)
*1917: Wood's Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.

1960s

*1969 General Motors XP-883

1970s

*1972 Towns Microdot

1980s

*1986 The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the World expo in Vancouver, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the USA (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).

*1986 The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.

*1989 Audi 100 Duo aka or Audi 100 Avant Duo experimental vehicle, a plug-in parallel hybrid based on the Audi 100 Avant quattro. No more than 10 were produced.

1990s

*1991 Audi 100 Duo second generation, now with four-wheel-drive.
*1996 AC Propulsion tzero (electric vehicle + steering-integrated genset trailer; 80 mile PbA, 300 mile Li-ion(2003) EV-mode)
*1997 Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)
*1997 Audi A4 Duo (a concept vehicle)
*1999 Honda Insight

2000s

*2000 Toyota Estima hybrid (Japanese market only)
*2000 Toyota Prius US market
*2002? Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)
*2002 Dyna Diesel Hybrid (Japan only, Diesel Hybrid)
*2002 Honda Civic Hybrid 2003 model

2003

*Renault Kangoo (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle)
*Suzuki Twin
*Toyota Alphard Hybrid
*Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2004 model year, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008)

2004

*Honda Accord Hybrid 2005 model
*Ford Escape Hybrid 2005 model (released in late summer 2004)

2005

*Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid 2006 model, Mild hybrid
*Honda Civic Hybrid 2006 model, second generation
*Lexus RX 400h 2006 model year, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
*Mercury Mariner hybrid
*Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid 2006 model

2006

*Lexus GS 450h 2007 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
*Saturn Vue Green Line 2007 model, Mild hybrid
*Toyota Camry Hybrid 2007 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
*Toyota Estima/Previa hybrid minivan, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive (Japanese market only)

2007

*BMW 1 Series small family car, first in the world with standard mild hybrid technology, Auto Start Stop function, Brake Energy Regeneration, electric power steering, electric water pump [ [http://www.bmw.com BMW automobiles - website of the BMW AG ] ] [ [http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=115127 Inside BMW's Latest Powertrain Technologies ] ]
*Lexus LS600hL 2008 model Luxury car, went on sale in June
*Mazda Tribute hybrid, 2008 model, expected to go on sale July 2007
*Nissan Altima Hybrid (limited sales)
*Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid (BAS) 2008 model, Mild hybrid
*Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid 2008 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive, will go on sale October 2007 [ [http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/02/07/chicago-auto-show-2008-toyota-highlander-hybrid-now-with-ev-on/ Chicago Auto Show: 2008 Toyota Highlander Hybrid, now with EV ONLY mode! - AutoblogGreen ] ]

2008

*Cadillac Escalade (AHS II) 2009 model
*Chevrolet Malibu (midsize car) Mild hybrid
*Chevrolet Tahoe (AHS II) (SUV, RWD/AWD) 2008 model
*Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (AHS II) (fullsize pickup) 2009 model
*Dodge Durango (AHS II) (SUV) 2009 model, expected to go on sale Fall 2008
*GMC Sierra Hybrid (AHS II) (fullsize pickup) 2009 model
*GMC Yukon Hybrid (AHS II) (SUV, RWD/AWD) 2008 model
*Roewe 750 (midsize car) First Chinese hybrid car
*Saturn Vue Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD) 2009 model, 45% improvement over non-hybrid version according to GM [http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/adv_tech/100_news/hybrid-2008-113006.html]
*Saturn AURA Green Line Mild hybrid (midsize car) 2008 model

Unknown Date

*Toyota Sienna
*Peugeot 307 CC Hybride HDi.
*Toyota Crown (Japan only, Mild hybrid)

Planned

This section is sorted by expected sale date.

2009

*Aptera Motors' Typ-1h (three-wheeled, two seat)
*BMW X6
*Ford Fusion Hybrid (midsize car)
*Fisker Karma
*Honda Insight 2010 model year, second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback
*Lexus RX400h 2010 model refresh
*Mercedes-Benz S-Class Mild hybrid [ [http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/FVDP/Preview/styleId=100777434 Inside Line: Future Vehicles Preview ] ] [ [http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/03/06/mercedes-goes-hybrid-in-2009/ Mercedes goes hybrid in 2009 - AutoblogGreen ] ]
*Mercury Milan Hybrid (midsize car)
*Phoenix MotorCars: Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the USA; no projected release date outside CA yet Fact|date=July 2008
*Porsche Cayenne [ [http://www.autoblog.com/2007/03/02/porsche-to-offer-cayenne-turbo-hybrid/ Porsche to offer Cayenne Turbo Hybrid? - Autoblog ] ]
*Saturn Vue Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD, 2010 model, Plug-in capable, Lithium-Ion batteries)
*Toyota FT-HS [ [http://www.automobilemag.com/features/news/0706_2009_toyota_ft_hs/index.html Toyota FT-HS Concept is a Go For 2009] "Automobile Magazine" accessed on May 31, 2007]
*Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2010 model year, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive

2010

*Chevrolet Volt production version [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030601490.html] (PHEV-40)
*Nissan's original hybrid vehicle is targeted for launch in 2010. [ [http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2006/_STORY/061211-01-e.html Nissan | News Press Release ] ]
*PSA Peugeot Citroen will market hybrid HDi vehicles from 2010. [ [http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_group/energies_b3.php PSA Peugeot Citroën’s Alternative Energy Commitment ] ]
*Audi A1
*Proton Gen-2 EVE Hybrid is targeted to be produced commercially within 2010-2011. [ [http://paultan.org/archives/2008/08/05/proton-hybrid-car-in-2-to-3-years/ Proton hybrid car in 2 or 3 years] - paultan.org] Concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show.
*VentureOne Three wheeled vehicle

2011

*Toyota Camry Hybrid 2012 model, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive [ [http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=27302&vf=12 Toyota plans locally built hybrid - drive.com.au ] ]
*Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid concept, diesel-electric engine (under development) in conjunction with new aluminum body
*Fiat Nuova 500 Hybrid

Unknown Date

*Daihatsu Hijet Cargo Hybrid a commercial microvan (659 cc) (in Japan, not yet in production)
*Honda CR-Z Hybrid sports car.
*Hyundai Accent Unknown date of production
*Kia Rio Originally for 2007, now delayed along with Hyundai Accent hybrid "(concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)"
*Lexus LF-S 2009
*Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid. [ [http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/adv_tech/100_news/astra_011005.html] ] .
*Porsche Panamera
*Saab planning hybrid based on GM system [ [http://uk.reuters.com/article/motoringNews/idUKNOA74283120070307 Saab planning hybrid based on GM system | Reuters ] ]
*Toyota Corolla
*Mahindra Diesel-electric hybrid PikUp in 2010. [ [http://www.pickuptrucks.com/html/news/mahindra/dieselhybridandmore.html] ]

Buses

1991

*Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR

1993

*Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation

1995

*Nissan Diesel UA ERIP

1996

*Isuzu Cubic CHASSE

1998

*New Flyer H40LF (diesel-electric hybrid bus), 'H' later changed to 'DE'

1999

*Orion VI Hybrid

2002

*Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation
*Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)
*MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)

2003

*Orion VII hybrid bus [ [http://www.dcbusna.com/dcbusna/0-866-621715-1-473930-1-0-0-0-0-1-10584-575577-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America ] ]

2004

*New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline-electric hybrid bus)
*Hino S'elega R Hybrid

2006

*IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus
*Nova Bus LFS HEV
*Wrightbus Pulsar Gemini HEV

Unknown Date

*Gillig Hybrid (hybrid diesel-electric buses)
*North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
*Orion VII Hybrid
*Whispering Wheel Buss

Trucks

*1993 Hino Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation
*2003 Hino Ranger Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
*2004 Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
*2006 Canter Eco Hybrid made by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation, for sale in Japan only.
*2006 International FTTS
*2007 Hino Hybrid 6500 Medium, light duty, available in Australia. [http://www.hino.com.au/Models/HybridLightmediumdutywidecabin/tabid/68/Default.aspx]
*2007 E-ONE [http://www.e-one.com/index.asp?n=75&p=75&s=76&pid=66] Hybrid Command Center

References

ee also

*List of 2007 hybrid vehicles
*List of battery electric vehicles
*SmILE
*Petroleum electric hybrid vehicles

External links

* [http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org/hybrid-vehicle-history.html Hybrid Vehicle History]
* [http://www.hybridsynergydrive.com/ Toyota's hybrid cars information]

Hybrids in logistics

; Light trucks
* [http://www.micro-vett.it/english/bimodaleing2.html Micro-Vett Daily Bimodale]
* [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-8-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html Mercedes Daimler Chrysler Hybrid Sprinter] (Van); Tow tractors for baggage handling on airports
* [http://www.volk.de/hybrid_tractors/hybrid_tractors.html Volk Hybrids]

Hybrids in public transport

; Buses
* [http://www.hino.co.jp/e/info/news/ne_20050119.html Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid]
* [http://www.trimet.org/environment/hybridbus.htm Hybrid Diesel-Electric Buses TriMet] ; Trains
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/development/tech/pdf_4/Tech-no.4-62-70.pdf JR Easts NE New Energy Train]
* [http://www.railpower.com/rp20.html Railpower Green Goat]
* [https://www.getransportation.com/general/locomotives/hybrid/hybrid_default.asp GE's Hybrid Locomotive]
* [http://www.hybrid.com hybrid.com: Drive with a Green Conscience] ; Cars and SUV's
* [http://www.automotive.com/new-cars/27/hybrid/index.html 2007 Hybrid Cars]