Sassari

Infobox CityIT
img_coa = Sassari-Stemma.png official_name = Comune di Sassari
region = Sardinia
name=Sassari
mapx=40.7|mapy=8.55
province = Sassari (SS)
elevation_m = 225
area_total_km2 = 546.08
population_as_of = December 31, 2007
population_total = 129072
population_density_km2 = 235.8
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|40|44|N|08|33|E
frazioni = Bancali, Li Punti, La Landrigga, Caniga, Campanedda
telephone = 079
postalcode = 07100
gentilic = Sassaresi
saint = Saint Nicholas
day = December 6
mayor = Gianfranco Ganau (since May 2005)
website = [http://www.comune.sassari.it www.comune.sassari.it]
Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, "Tàthari" in Sardinian), is a town in the province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. The second-largest town on the island in terms of population, Sassari is one of the most ancient Sardinian towns, and contains a considerable collection of Sardinian art.

History

Sassari was probably founded in the early Middle Ages by the inhabitants of the ancient Roman port of "Turris Lybisonis" (current Porto Torres) who sought refuge in the mainland to escape the Saracen attacks from the sea. The oldest mention of a village called "Tathari" is in an 1113 document in the archive of the Monastery of St. Peter in Silki. Sassari was sacked by the Genoese in 1166. Immigration continued until, in the early 13th century, Sassari was the most populous city in the "giudicato" of Torres. After the assassination of the latter's last judge (1274), Sassari was subject to the Republic of Pisa with a semi-independent status.

In 1294 the Pisans were annihilated by the Genoese fleet at the Battle of Meloria, and the city could free itself: it became the first and only free commune of Sardinia, with statutes of its own, allied with Genoa, which was pleased to see it thus withdrawn from the control of the Pisans. Its statutes of 1316 are remarkable for the leniency of the penalties imposed when compared with the penal laws of the Middle Ages. From 1323 it was submitted to the Aragonese, under which it remained in the following centuries, but it revolted at least three times. Attempts of conquest by Genoa failed. In 1391 it was conquered by Brancaleone Doria and Marianus V of Arborea to the Giudicato of Arborea, of which it became the capital, but in 1420 it fell into the hands of the Aragonese. The Aragonese were replaced by the Spanish in 1479. In 1527 it was sacked by the French. During Catalan and then Spanish domination the city was known as "Sàsser". The city suffered for the economical exploitment and the political corruption of its rulers and for two plagues in 1528 and 1652.

Austrian rule (1708–1717) was succeeded by Piedmontese (1720–1861), after which Sassari became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy.

Main sights

*Archeological site of Monte d'Accoddi: a unique preistoric monument
*The City Walls that in the 13th century surrounded the city with 36 towers (wich at the moment only 6 remains).

Other attractions include:
*The church of St. Peter in Silki, built in the 12th century but renovated in the 17th century. Where were found very important medieval codes Condaghe di san Pietro in Silki
*"Corso Vittorio Emanuele", it's the most important street of medieval town.
*The Cathedral of St. Nicholas of Bari, built in the 13th century and enlarged in Catalan Gothic style from 1480; there is a monument to the Duca di Moriana inside. The façade, belonging to the Baroque Spanish colonial restorations of 1650–1723, has a rectangular portico surmounted by three niches housing statues of saints. The bell tower is in Romanesque style.
*The church of "Santa Maria di Bètlem" (13th century).
* The Church of the Most Blessed Trinity contains a beautiful picture by an unknown artist of the Quattrocento.
*"Palazzo D'Usini", most important example of civilian architecture of the Renaissance period in Sardinia (now housing the main Public Library, therefore open to visits from the public).
*The Fountain of the Rosello, built in 1606 by Genoese craftsmen. It is made by two squared parts surmounted by two crossing arches on which the statue of St. Gavins is placed
*University Palace (17th-20th century), originally a Jesuit school.
*The Ducal Palace (current Town Hall, 1775-1806), built for the Duke of the Asinara in the 18th century.
*"Piazza D' Italia" (19th century), it's the main square in Sassari, it's surrounded by interesting buildings as the Neogothic "Palazzo Giordano" and the "Palace of Sassari's Province", where, for a while, were located the ancient royal apartments of the House of Savoy.

Culture

Sassari's university is the oldest in Sardinia (founded by the Jesuits in 1562), and has a high reputation, especially in jurisprudence studies; its libraries contain a number of ancient documents, among them the famous Carta de Logu (the constitution issued by "Giudichessa" Eleanor of Arborea), or the "Condaghes", Sardinia's first legal codes and the first documents written in the Sardinian language (11th century).

The Sassarese diasystem ("Sassaresu" or "Turritanu") is not very similar to sardinian language however, but is closest to corsican language; although this fact has been causing a deep controversy. It is based on a mixture of different languages, namely Corsican, Pisano and Genoan (due to long medieval contacts with the maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa in the age of Giudicati), Spanish, catalan but a strong Logudorese influence can be felt in its phonetics, syntax, and vocabulary. Sassarese is spoken in Sassari and in the neighbourhood, approximately by 120,000 people, in a total population of 175,000 inhabitants; large speaking communities are present also in Stintino, Sorso and Porto Torres; its transition varieties towards Gallurese, known as the "castellanesi" dialects, can be heard in Castelsardo, Tergu e Sedini)Empress Abijan Tell me every thing Note in a Legder

Notable people

Sassari is also the birthplace of many famous Sardinians, among them Domenico Alberto Azuni (Sassari, aug. 3, 1749 – Cagliari, jan. 23, 1827) a Jurist expert in commercial law. The former presidents of the Italian Republic, Antonio Segni and Francesco Cossiga, and the national secretary in the 1970s and leader of the most important Communist party in Western Europe Enrico Berlinguer.

ources and references

(incomplete)
*Catholic|Sassari [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13485a.htm]

Consulates

*FRA
*ESP

External links

* [http://www.sardiniatourism.com/sassari.php On Line Guide]