- Cephalanthus
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Cephalanthus 
Cephalanthus occidentalis Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Subfamily: Cinchonoideae Tribe: Naucleeae[1] Genus: Cephalanthus
L.Type species Cephalanthus occidentalis
L.Species See text
Synonyms Cephalanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. Different authorities accept between six and 15 species,[3] which are commonly known as Buttonbushes. Cephalanthus occidentalis is native to the southeastern United States. The others occur in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia.[4] Two species are known in cultivation.[5]
They are shrubs or small trees growing to 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall. The leaves are simple, arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three. The flowers form a dense globular inflorescence.
Cephalanthus was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[6][7] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words κέφαλος (kephalos), meaning "head", and ἄνθος (anthos), meaning "flower."[8]
Cephalanthus is the most basal genus in the tribe Naucleeae.[9] Some authors have segregated it into its own monotypic tribe.[10] The type species for Cephalanthus is Cephalanthus occidentalis.[11]
Contents
Species
The following six species are those recognized in a revision of Cephalanthus in 1976.[10]
- Cephalanthus angustifolius Lour. (Laos, Vietnam)
- Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum. – Sarandi (South America)
- Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv. (Southern Africa)
- Cephalanthus occidentalis L. – Button-willow, Common Buttonbush, or Honey-bells (North America)
- Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. – Mexican Buttonbush, Willowleaf Buttonbush (Mexico, Rio Grande Valley of Texas)
- Cephalanthus tetandra (Roxb.) Ridsd. & Bakh.f. (tropical Asia)
Formerly placed here
- Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake (as C. pilulifera Lam.)
- Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (as C. orientalis L.)[12]
References
- ^ "Genus Cephalanthus (buttonbushes)". Taxonomy. UniProt. http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/43460. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
- ^ "Genus: Cephalanthus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2262. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- ^ Cephalanthus At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see External links below).
- ^ David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
- ^ Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set)
- ^ Cephalanthus At: Plant Names At: International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
- ^ Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum (Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas / Caroli Linnæe.): 1:95. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii: Stockholm, Sweden. (see External links below).
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I: A-C. CRC Press. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC&.
- ^ Ulrika Manns and Birgitta Bremer. 2010. "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1):21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002
- ^ a b Colin E. Ridsdale. 1976. "A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae)". Blumea 23(1):177-188.
- ^ Cephalanthus In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Cephalanthus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2262. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
External links
- Cephalanthus At: Search Page At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Index by Team At: Projects At: Science Directory At: Scientific Research and Data At: Kew Gardens
- Cephalanthus At: Plant Names At: IPNI
- Cephalanthus In: Volume 1 Of: Species Plantarum At: Titles beginning with "S" At: Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Cephalanthus At:Index Nominum Genericorum At: References At: NMNH Department of Botany At: Research and Collections At: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
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