San Bernardino, California train disaster

The San Bernardino Train Disaster is a combination of two separate but related incidents which occurred in San Bernardino, California: A train derailment on May 12, 1989 and the subsequent failure on May 25, 1989 of a petroleum pipeline which was damaged by earth-moving equipment during the crash cleanup.

Derailment

On 12 May 1989 at 7:36 a.m. a 6-locomotive/69-car Southern Pacific freight train (SP 7551 East) ran away down the Cajon Pass, derailed, and plowed into a residential area on Duffy Street.cite web
url = http://pstrust.org/library/docs/ntsb_doc26.pdf
title = Railroad Accident Report— Derailment of Southern Pacific Transportation Company Freight Train on May 12, 1989 and Subsequent Rupture of Calnev Petroleum Pipeline on May 25, 1989— San Bernardino, California
accessdate = 2006-08-03
date = 1990-06-19
format = PDF
publisher = National Transportation Safety Board
pages = vi–vii |] The location is just Northeast of where the 210 Foothill Freeway crosses the Cajon creek wash.

The conductor, head-end brakeman, an extra board (engineer trainee), and two residents were killed in the crash.Ibid, pp. 9–15.] Ibid, pp. 15–17.] Seven homes were destroyed, as was the entire train.Ibid, p. 38.]

Pipeline fire

Buried six feet underground alongside the railroad right-of-way is a 14" high pressure gasoline transit pipeline operated by Calnev Pipeline. Thirteen days after the train derailment on 25 May 1989 at 8:05 a.m. the pipeline burst, showering the neighborhood in gasoline, and ignited into a large fire which killed two people and destroyed eleven more homes.Ibid, pp. 31–33.] The total property damage was $14.3 million. [Ibid, p. 39.] Many residents moved out after this, and homes are no longer allowed to be built next to the rail lines.

Cause

The train was carrying trona (a material used to make fertilizer) that had been mined and loaded onto the freight cars for shipment to a buyer. The buyer had purchased 6,900 tons of trona; thus the mining company contracted for 69 100-ton hopper cars. When the mining company turned in the final contract to the clerk for the bill of lading, they had not filled in any weight, assuming that the railroad would know that they had filled the 100-ton cars to capacity. The clerk filled in the bill of lading as 60 tons per hopper car, going by a visual comparison of 100 tons of coal. As a result, the train was listed as significantly lighter than its actual weight (Warren, 3).

Engine #2 of the first four engines did not have any dynamic brakes, just air brakes. Engine #6 (the last one of the two helper engines in the back) also did not have dynamic brakes. This information about the last engine was not passed on to the lead engineer. Thus, he had faulty weight information and faulty information about his braking power to work with when calculating his maximum descent speed down the steep mountain pass. When he realized that the train was gathering too much speed, he did all he could to brake the front engines and asked the helper engine engineer to do as much as he could to help also (not knowing that he had only one working engine braking in the back). As a last chance to stop the train, the helper engineer activated the emergency brake, unfortunately this disabled all the dynamic brakes on the train, allowing the train to pick up speed. After the activation of the emergency brake, the only brakes which were operational were the air brakes, which were melting. The train reached a speed of 110 mph (177 km/h) on a curve at Duffy Street designed for no more than 40 mph. At that speed and with the friction of the brakes, the wheels were actually melting when the train left the track in its destructive crash. [cite video | title = "Crash Scene Investigation - Runaway Train" | publisher = Cineflix | date = 2006 ]

Although initial inspections found no damage to the pipeline from the derailment, cleanup operations did cause undetected damage to the pipeline. Gashes to the pipe from hardened steel machinery weakened it, eventually causing a rupture.

ee also

* [http://www.trainweb.org/KernJunction/cross.htm "The Cross at the Loop" by Kevin Stevens, The Kern Junction Railroad Photo Gallery] Photo of memorial plaque.
* The accident was featured in an episode of the Crash Scene Investigation documentary series, shown on National Geographic channel in 2006.
*Ufa train disaster

Notes

References

*Warren, Jennifer. "Derailed Train's Load Said Above Crew's Figures." "Los Angeles Times". May, 17, 1989, A3.
* [http://somersetsunset.net/TrainWreck.pdf "The Great San Bernardino Train Wreck" by Hatch & Judy Graham]

External links