Daisy (television advertisement)

"Daisy," sometimes known as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl," was a controversial campaign television advertisement. Though aired only once (by the campaign), during a September 7, 1964, telecast of "David and Bathsheba" on "The NBC Monday Movie", it was a factor in President Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide defeat of Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election and an important turning point in political and advertising history. Its creator was Tony Schwartz of Doyle Dane Bernbach. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made.

Concept

The advertisement begins with a little girl (Birgitte Olsen) standing in a meadow with chirping birds, picking the petals of what appears to be a daisy (according to Olsen it was a Black-eyed Susan [http://www.conelrad.com/daisy/interview.php] ) while counting each petal slowly. (Because she does not know her numbers perfectly, she repeats some and says others in the wrong order, all of which adds to her childlike appeal.) When she reaches "nine", an ominous-sounding male voice is then heard counting down a missile launch, and as the girl's eyes turn toward something she sees in the sky, the camera zooms in until her pupil fills the screen, blacking it out. When the countdown reaches zero, the blackness is replaced by the flash and mushroom cloud from a nuclear explosion.

As the firestorm rages, a voiceover from Johnson states, "These are the stakes! To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die." Another voiceover (sportscaster Chris Schenkel) then says, "Vote for President Johnson on November 3. The stakes are too high for you to stay home."

The ad was designed to capitalize on injudicious comments made by Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater about the possibility of using nuclear weapons in Vietnam. The Johnson campaign attempted to portray Goldwater as a dangerous warmonger who would needlessly, and recklessly, escalate the conflict in Vietnam.

Fallout

As soon as the ad aired, Johnson's campaign was widely criticized for using the prospect of nuclear war, as well as the implication that Goldwater would start one, to frighten voters. The ad was immediately pulled, but the point was made, appearing on the nightly news and on conversation programs in its entirety.

Johnson's line "We must either love each other, or we must die" echoes W. H. Auden's poem "September 1, 1939" in which line 88 reads "We must love one another or die". The words "children" and "the dark" also occur in Auden's poem.

"These are the stakes" was also used at the end of advertisements for the Republicans in the United States general elections, 2006, advertisements claiming that the Democrats would be soft on terrorism and expose the country to danger and featured Al Qaeda members and a threat of a nuclear bomb.

In 1984, Walter Mondale's presidential campaign used ads with a similar theme to the Daisy ad. Mondale's advertisements cut between footage of children and footage of ballistic missiles and nuclear explosions, over a soundtrack of the song "Teach Your Children" by Crosby Stills Nash and Young.

2008 Congressional candidate Colleen Callahan is using a similar ad to emphasize a statement by her opponent about selling nuclear weapons to Taiwan.

Popular culture

* In 2000, it was used in a music video for Fatboy Slim's "Sunset (Bird of Prey)".
* In 2001, post-metal group Cult of Luna used a sample of the line "These are the stakes" on the opening track of their debut album.
* In 2003, the left-wing group MoveOn.org attempted to revive the 'Daisy' ad campaign. The updated version was intended to denounce the imminent invasion of Iraq.
* The scene of a little girl pulling flower petals just prior to a nuclear attack was recreated for a scene in the 2003 re-imagining of Battlestar Galactica.
*The final shots of the classic 1964 film Fail-Safe are strikingly similar to the ad, with the last shot of a child playing frozen immediately before a nuclear bomb detonates.
* The ad was parodied in 1995 on "The Simpsons" on the episode "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming." One of the scenes before a supposed nuclear blast shows Maggie picking flowers in a field, with the camera zooming into her eye, and then a mushroom cloud appears on screen — only for the camera to zoom out, showing a minuscule puff of smoke coming out of the bomb, which turned out to be a dud.

External links

* [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/media/daisyspot/ Video] of the ad at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
* [http://conelrad.com/daisy/index.php Production history of "Daisy" with source documents] at Conelrad.com