2nd Ohio Infantry

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=2nd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry


caption=Ohio flag
country=United States of America
allegiance= Union
type=Infantry regiment
branch=Union Army
dates=1861–1864
specialization=
command_structure=
size=950 soldiers at outset of the war
current_commander=
garrison=
ceremonial_chief=
nickname=
motto=
colors=
march=
mascot=
battles=American Civil War
*Stones River
*Chickamauga
*Chattanooga
*Atlanta Campaign
notable_commanders=
anniversaries=The 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 2nd OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the Western Theater in a number of campaigns and battles.

Three-months regiment

With the outbreak of the Civil War in the spring of 1861, President Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers from each Northern state. In April, recruiters quickly filled the quota for a number of regiments in the state of Ohio, with two regiments enlisting for 3-months, including the 1st Ohio Infantry and the 2nd Ohio. Mustering in at Columbus, Ohio on April 18, 1861, the 1,000-man regiment was under the command of Col. Lewis Wilson. It soon embarked on trains for Washington D.C., where it served in the fortifications surrounding the capital until July. It was then attached to Schenck's Brigade, Tyler's Division, McDowell's Army of Northeastern Virginia. On July 16, the regiment marched to Manassas, Virginia, then the next day occupied Fairfax Courthouse. It participated in the fighting at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21. It retreated to Washington following General McDowell's stunning defeat. When the 3-month term of enlistment expired, the regiment mustered out July 31, 1861.

:Original companies:::* A - Rover Guards (Cincinnati)::* B - Columbus Videttes (Columbus)::* C - Columbus Fencibles::* D - Zouave Guards (Cincinnati)::* E - Lafayette Guards (Cincinnati)::* F - Springfield Zouaves (Springfield)::* G - Pickaway Company (Pickaway County)::* H - Steubenville Company (Steubenville)::* I - Covington Blues (Miami County)::* K - Pickaway Company (Pickaway County)

Three-years regiment

After the term of service was over in August, a number of the men re-enlisted for 3-years in the reconstituted 2nd OVI, under the command of Col. Leonard A. Harris in the brigade of William "Bull" Nelson. The new 2nd Ohio was organized at Camp Dennison in Columbus from July 17 to September 20, 1861. The regiment left Ohio for service in Kentucky on September 4, operating near Olympian Springs, Kentucky, until November. It first "saw the elephant" (initial combat experience) in a skirmish at West Liberty, Kentucky, on October 23. The 2nd OVI was attached to 9th Brigade, Army of the Ohio from October until December. It served in a number of posts in Kentucky, including Louisville, through February 1862, when it was part of the army's advance on Confederate-held Bowling Green and Nashville. After briefly occupying Nashville, the regiment advanced to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in March under Ormsby Mitchel. Eight men from the regiment participated in the Great Locomotive Chase, with three being executed as spies. The 2nd OVI played a role in assaulting Confederates near Huntsville and Bridgeport in Alabama in April.

After guarding the Memphis and Charleston Railroad much of the summer, the 2nd Ohio marched back to Louisville in August and September in pursuit of the Confederate army of Braxton Bragg, eventually fighting at the Battle of Perryville on October 8 before returning to Nashville for most of the rest of the year. The 2nd OVI, reassigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, saw more hard action at the Battle of Stone's River in late December and early January. There, the regiment captured the battleflag of the 30th Arkansas Volunteers, but lost its popular colonel, John Kell, to enemy fire, as well as nine other men. Anson G. McCook (of the famed "Fighting McCooks") replaced Kell and led the regiment for the remainder of the war. [ [http://members.aol.com/afs2ovi/2nd/mccook.htm McCook photo and bio] ]

The regiment remained in Murfreesboro until June when it participated in the Tullahoma Campaign, fighting at the Battle of Hoover's Gap. In the early autumn, it participated in the Chickamauga Campaign and the subsequent Battle of Chattanooga. Chickamauga in particular was hard on the regiment, with 183 soldiers killed, wounded, or captured, and 36 men who were taken as prisoners of war later died in the infamous Andersonville prison camp. [ [http://members.aol.com/afs2ovi/2nd/honor.htm State of Ohio Roll of Honor, 1886] ] .

As Ulysses S. Grant's army pursued the retiring Confederates into Georgia in late November through May 1864, the 2nd OVI saw action at a number of small battles, including Ringgold, Dalton, Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost Gap and Rocky Faced Ridge. It served in the successful Atlanta Campaign in May, including more hard fighting at the Battle of Resaca and the fighting at Pickett's Mills, Kennesaw Mountain, and Peachtree Creek. It remained in the siege lines around Atlanta until August 1, when the much depleted regiment was ordered to the rear at Chattanooga as the term of enlistment neared expiration.

The 2nd Ohio mustered out of the Union army in Columbus on October 10, 1864. Only 350 men were still on the active roster, although less than 150 were actually in the ranks when the regiment left Georgia. A number of the healthy men re-enlisted and were transferred to 18th Ohio Infantry. Colonel McCook stayed in the army as a brigade commander, ending the war with the rank of brigadier general.

During its 38-month term of service, the 2nd Ohio lost 9 officers and 96 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded in combat, and 138 enlisted men perished to disease (a total of 243 deaths). Another 425 were wounded but survived the war. [ [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw2.html Ohio in Civil War, quoting Dyer's Compendium] ] Its battleflags are in the collection of the Ohio Historical Society in Columbus.

Medal of Honor winners

Four men from the 2nd OVI received the Medal of Honor for their actions during the Civil War:

* William Pittenger, Sergeant, Company G - (Andrews Raid)
* Marion Ross, Regimental Sergeant Major - (Andrews Raid)
* James (Ovid) Smith, Private, Company I - (Andrews Raid)
* William Surles, Private, Company G - (Battle of Perryville: "In the hottest part of the fire he stepped in front of his colonel to shield him from the enemy's fire." [ [http://www.ohiohistory.org/moh/dspRecipient.cfm?ID=279 Ohio Historical Society] ] )

ee also

*Ohio in the Civil War

References

* Dyer, Frederick Henry, "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion." 3 volumes. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1908.
* Reid, Whitelaw, "Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers." Volume 2. Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin, 1868.

Further reading

* Ohio Roster Commission. "Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War on the Rebellion, 1861–1865, compiles under the direction of the Roster commission." 12 vol. Akron: Werner Co., 1886–95.

Notes

External links

* [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw2.html Ohio in the Civil War: 2nd OVI by Larry Stevens]
* [http://members.aol.com/afs2ovi/2nd/history.htm Short History of the 2nd Ohio by Allen Smith]
* [http://www.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/fftc/relicroom/index.cfm?war=2 Ohio Historical Society: Battleflags and Relics]
* [http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/regiments.htm National Park Service: Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System]