104th Infantry Regiment (United States)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=104th Infantry Regiment


caption=104th Infantry Regiment coat of arms
dates= 14 May 1639 - Present
country= United States of America
allegiance=
branch= Army
type= Infantry
role=
size= Regiment
command_structure=
current_commander=
garrison=
ceremonial_chief=
colonel_of_the_regiment=
nickname=
patron=
motto="Fortitude et Courage"
colors=
identification_symbol=
march=
mascot=
battles=King Phillip's War
*Battle of Bloody Brook
French and Indian War
Revolutionary War
*Battle of Bunker Hill
American Civil War*
Battle of Gettysburg*
Battle of Spotslvania
War with Spain
World War I
*Battle of Bois Brule
World War II
*Battle of the Bulge
Kosovo Campaign
notable_commanders=
anniversaries=
decorations=
battle_honours=
identification_symbol=
identification_symbol_label=Distinctive Unit InsigniaThe 104th Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army. Originally established as the Hampshire Regiment in Springfield, Massachusetts on 14 May, 1639, the regiment has participated in conflicts from King Phillip's War to modern day assignments in Bosnia as part of the Massachusetts National Guard {National Guard}. Overall, the unit has participated in seven wars since its inception.

Early History

* King Phillip's War - Participated in the Battle of Bloody Brook.
* French and Indian War
* American Revolution - Participated as 1st Massachusetts Regiment, 3rd Massachusetts Regiment, and the 23rd Continental Regiment throughout the duration of the war.
* American Civil War - Participated as the 10th Massachusetts throughout the war.
* Spanish American War - Participated as the 2nd MAssachusetts in the assault on El Caney.

The Great War

At the outset of America's involvement in the First World War, the unit was designated the 104th Infantry Regiment for the first time and placed within the command structure of the 26th Infantry Division. The 104th was the first American regiment to receive the French Croix de Guerre and was described as, "a regiment which fought with such fortitude and courage." These words henceforth became the unit's motto.

Article from a Springfield Massachusetts News Paper in 1918

Enemy Storm Troops Hurled Back By Impetuous Yankees

Regiment Reveals Its Valor and Fighting Qualities in the Fierce Combats of Bois Brule.

By AMICO J. BARONE

Apremont!The name spells horror and glory for the 104th. In April 1918, the troops from Massachusetts achieved a distinction never before won by American troops in the entire history of our armed forces. So valorously did they conduct themselves in the Bois Brule, a wood close to Apermont, that the French Government decorated the colors of the regiment with the Croix de Guerre. It was the first time such an honor had ever come to an American unit. In addition the regimental commander and 116 other officers and men had the bronze cross with its red and green ribbon pinned on their breasts. The regimental citation read: "For greatest fighting spirit and self-sacrifice during action of April10, 12 and 13, 1918. Suffering from heavy bombardments, and attack by very strong German Forces, the regiment succeeded in preventing their dangerous advance, and with greatest energy reconquered, at the point of bayonet, the few ruined trenches which had to be abandoned at the first onset, at the same tome making prisoners". In a general order issued a few days after the Bois Brule engagements, the French general Passaga declared: "During this fight the American troops gave proof not only of their splendid courage, which we know, but also of a brotherhood in arms which was absolute and ever present. With such men as these the cause of liberty is sure to triumph."

Continued below: The First American Croix de Guerre to be awarded to an entire regiment. This Medal was also given to Captain George Roberts, and the bronze frame was specially cast with the infantry tools of the day around the frame. The frame mold was broke and never reproduced to be one of a kind. The picture is Colonel George A. Roberts, Commander of the 104th Infantry Westfield Massachusetts. The 104th is now the 104th Tactical Fighter Wing, Barnes Air National Guard Base. Westfield MA.

Continued: Bois Brule was in La Reine sector on the southeasterly face of the St. Mihiel salient, a rough and ragged terrain where virtually all the tactical advantage lay with the enemy. In 1914 the sector had seen violent fighting, but as the war of attrition developed, it became moderately quiet with a sort of tacit understanding between the opposing forces to permit the situation to remain unchanged. The town of Apremont, whose name will be forever linked up with the 104th Regiment, lay outside the Allied lines. In the distance, grim and desolate Mont Sec loomed up as a splendid vantage point from which the enemy could observe the American positions. Difficult Spot to Defend.

The 26th Division took over the sector the first of April, the left of the line being assigned to the 104th. On the immediate left of the Western Massachusetts outfit was the 10th Colonial French Division. The regiments sub sector in the Bois Brule formed an awkward, narrow salient, hard to defend. The trenches were in poor condition, there was inadequate protection against shelling, and the marshy land made trench drainage difficult. The third battalion of the 104th, under command of Capt. George A. Roberts of Springfield, MA., immediately went into the forward position. The battalion commander, noting the small salient extending out and realizing how simple it would be for the enemy to pinch in on it and make prisoners of the men holding the position, asked and received permission to straighten out the line. K Co., under the command of First Lieutenant George Hosmer of Springfield, MA., performed this operation successfully. For some unaccountable reason, the French had persisted in maintaining the small and unimportant salient and had often lost prisoners to the enemy who would come over and successfully pinch it out. During the first three of four days the outfit held the sector, it was subjected to a harassing enemy fire. On April 5th the shelling grew in intensity and for the following four days the area was severely pounded by the enemy artillery. Evidently, an action was impending and the Germans were bent on shaking the moral of the troops by the concentration of shells.

Early on the morning of the 10th, the enemy blasting became particularly severe. The huge projectiles from the German minenwerfers came thundering down on the positions held by the third Battalion, shattering trenches and subjecting the men to terrific punishment. Capt. Roberts sent back word that help was needed to evacuate the wounded and suggested that the bandsmen be used as stretcher bearers. The suggestion was acted upon and the valiant work these men did under fire won for several of their number decorations from the French and American Governments. ..As the dawn crept over Bois Brule on April 10th, the enemy troops made their appearance on the front held by the 3rd Battalion - a hillcrest. They came on relentlessly, but that assault wave of storm troops failed to dislodge the men of Western Massachusetts. It was a severe test of arms in which much technique of warfare was forgotten by the green Yanks who nevertheless battled vigorously and effectively to beat back the veteran enemy.

The artillery fire also was of great aid in stemming that first tide. Thus for the moment the 3rd Battalion had checked the attack on the night of the 11th despite heavy enemy shelling, the second Battalion came in to relieve the 3rd which had held the position for 10 days. On the 12th the enemy came over again with renewed energy. This time the French on the American's left fell back, exposing the left flank of the Yanks. But the Americans rose to this emergency and by a vigorous counter-attack, driving back remnants of enemy groups.

Gives Credit To Men By the 13th the affair of Bois Brule was over and the 104th had conclusively demonstrated that it could withstand the attack of seasoned troops. The men had revealed courage and resourcefulness and the officers had shown real leadership under trying conditions. A day or two later Capt. Roberts was promoted to the rank of major for the splendid manner in which he had handled his battalion. An incident characteristic of his modesty occurred at that time. The divisional commander, Gen. Edwards drove up to battalion headquarters and seeing Capt. Roberts he called him over to congratulate him. Capt. Roberts said: "The credit belongs to the men of the battalion, General, not to me." The General answered: "You would say that." On April 28th, the regiment was lined up at Bocq, not far from where it had demonstrated its mettle, and there Gen. Passaga decorated the colors of the outfit and scores of men and officers with the Croix de Guerre. His voice trembling with emotion, the French officer pinned the red and green ribbons to the 104th colors, saying: "I am proud to decorate the flag of a regiment which has shown such fortitude and courage."

It was a great day for the men of Massachusetts. Capt. Roberts was among those decorated with the French cross. He was also recommended for the American Distinguished Serviced Cross. Later, in the Bouconville sector, he was slightly wounded and in July he was transferred to provost marshal duty in Lanon. The Medal can be viewed by following this link: The First American Croix de Guerre.

The Second World War

The 104th participated in the Second World War attached to the Yankee Division in the European Theater. The unit was under the command of General George S. Patton and received a palm designation for their colors, a sign of having received a second Croix de Guerre. It fought in the Battle of the Bulge and ended the war in Europe in Czechoslovakia.

Present Day

The 104th Infantry Regiment, with the downsizing of the 26th Infantry Division, been attached to the 29th Infantry Division. It has most recently served in Bosnia as part of Operation Joint Forge.

As of January 2008, the 1st Battalion was redesignated the 104th Recruit Sustainment Battalion, and tasked with the mission of training of all Non-prior Service enlistees before departure for Initial Entry Training in the Massachusetts Army National Guard, along with providing continuing training for Split option soldiers during the period between their return from Basic Combat Training and their departure to Advanced Individual Training.

Battle Honors

Battle honors received up through 1945:

Revolutionary War

*Boston
*Bennington
*Stone Arabia

Civil War

*Chancellorsville
*Cold Harbor
*Fredericksburg
*Gettysburg
*Peninsula Campaign
*Petersburg
*Spotsylvania
*Wilderness

panish-American War

*Santiago

First World War

*Ile de France
*Lorraine
*Aisne-Marne
*Saint Mihiel
*Meuse-Argonne
*Champagne-Marne

econd World War

*Northern France
*The Rhineland
*The Ardennes
*Central Europe
*Combat Infantry Streamer

Resource

*104th Infantry Regiment, "History of a Combat Regiment, 1639-1945, 104th Infantry". Salzburg: N.p., 1945; reprinted Baton Rouge: Army Navy Publishing Co., 1960.
*Richard Courtney, "Normandy to the Bulge: An American Infantry Gi in Europe During World War II", Chicago: Southern Illinois Press, 2000. A memoir by Private Richard D. Courtney of his time in the 104th.

External links

* [http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Inf/104%20Infantry%20Regiment.htm United States Army site with description of insignia and coat of arms.]
* [http://www.26yd.com/bco104th 104th Infantry Regiment WWII Historical Re-Enactment Group]