Chrysidoidea

Chrysidoidea
Chrysidoidea
Temporal range: Turonian–recent
Chrysis viridula
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Apocrita
Superfamily: Chrysidoidea
Families
  • Bethylidae
  • Chrysididae
  • Dryinidae
  • Embolemidae
  • †Plumalexiidae
  • Plumariidae
  • Sclerogibbidae
  • Scolebythidae

The superfamily Chrysidoidea is a very large cosmopolitan group (some 6000 described species, and many more undescribed) of parasitoid or cleptoparasitic wasps, with three large, common families (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, and Dryinidae) and four tiny, rare families. Most species are small (7 mm or less), almost never exceeding 15 mm. This superfamily is traditionally considered to be the basal taxon within the Aculeata, and, as such, some species can sting, though the venom is harmless to humans.

Members of the families Dryinidae and Embolemidae are the only parasitoids among the Hymenoptera to have a life cycle in which the wasp larva begins its life inside the body of the host, and then later forms a sac (called a thylacium) that protrudes out of the host's abdomen. The closely related family Sclerogibbidae contains more traditional ectoparasitoids, attacking the nymphs of webspinners.

The extinct, monotypic family Plumalexiidae was described in 2011 from fossils preserved in Turonian age New Jersey amber.[1]

References

  1. ^ Brothers, Denis J. (2011). "A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)". ZooKeys 130: 515–542. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1591. http://www.pensoft.net/J_FILES/1/articles/1591/1591-G-3-layout.pdf. 

External links


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