Worker and Kolkhoz Woman

Sculpture


title = Worker and Kolkhoz Woman
Рабо́чий и колхо́зница
artist = Vera Mukhina
year = 1937
type = stainless steel
height = 2400
city = Moscow
museum =

"Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" ( _ru. Рабо́чий и колхо́зница "Rabochiy i Kolkhoznitsa") is a 24.5 meter (78 feet) high sculpture made from stainless steel by Vera Mukhina for the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, and subsequently moved to Moscow. The sculpture is a typical example of the socialist realistic style, as well as Art Deco style. The worker holds aloft a hammer and the kolkhoz woman a sickle to form the hammer and sickle symbol.

The sculpture was originally created to crown the Soviet pavilion (architect: Boris Iofan) of the World's Fair. The organizers had sited the Soviet and German pavilions facing each other across the main pedestrian boulevard at the Trocadéro on the north bank of the Seine. Albert Speer, charged with redesigning the German pavilion, happened upon a confidential sketch of the Soviet plan while on an inspection tour of the site of the fair. He was struck by "a sculpted pair of figures... striding triumphantly towards the German Pavilion" ["Inside the Third Reich", Speer] and designed an architectural riposte to the massive sculptural group. ["Art and Power: Europe under the dictators", 1995, ISBN 1853321486] .

Mukhina was inspired by her study of the classical "Harmodius and Aristogeiton", the "Victory of Samothrace" and "La Marseillaise", François Rude's sculptural group for the Arc de Triomphe ["Art and Power: Europe under the dictators", 1995, ISBN 1853321486] , to bring a monumental composition of socialist realist confidence to the heart of Paris. The symbolism of the two figures striding from East to West, as determined by the layout of the pavilion, was also not lost by spectators. ["Totalitarian Art", Golomstock, 1990 ISBN 0002721694]

Although as Mukhina said, her sculpture was intended "to continue the idea inherent in the building, and this sculpture was to be an inseparable part of the whole structure" ["Arkhitekturnaya gazeta", 28 February 1938] , after the fair "Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" was relocated to Moscow where it was placed just outside the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy.

In 1941, the sculpture earned for Mukhina one of the initial batch of Stalin Prizes. ["Totalitarian Art", Golomstock, 1990 ISBN 0002721694]

The sculpture was removed for restoration in the autumn of 2003 in preparations for Expo 2010. The sculpture was planned to return in 2005, but because the World's Fair was not awarded to Moscow but to Shanghai, the restoration process was hampered by financial problems. As of May 2007, the sculpture is still under restoration, and plans are under way to return the statue to its original location by 2008. [http://www.russia-ic.com/news/show/3634/] The restored statue will use a new pavilion as its pedestal, increasing its total height from 34.5 meters (old pedestal was 10 meters tall) to 60 meters (new pavilion is 34.5 meters tall plus 24.5 meters of the statue's own height) [cite web
title = "Рабочий и колхозница". Сложная судьба эталона соцреализма
publisher = РИА НОВОСТИ
date = 2007-04-11
url = http://www.rian.ru/spravka/20070411/63472592.html
accessdate = 2007-08-09 ] . See [http://community.livejournal.com/ru_sovarch/175556.html 2007 photographs] of the disassembled statue.

In cinema, "Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" was chosen in 1947 to serve as the logo for the film studio Mosfilm. It can be seen in the opening credits of the film "Red Heat", as well as many of the Russian films put out by the Mosfilm studio itself.

Gallery

ee also

*List of statues by height

References