Fiddler crab

"'Taxobox
name = fiddler crab


image_width = 250px
image_caption = "Uca pugnax"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
subphylum = Crustacea
classis = Malacostraca
ordo = Decapoda
infraordo = Brachyura
familia = Ocypodidae
genus = "Uca"
genus_authority = Leach, 1814
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = "ca. 97, see text": "Uca" redirects here. For other use, see UCA."A fiddler crab, sometimes known as a calling crab, may be any of approximately 97 species of semi-terrestrial marine crabs within the genus "Uca" [cite journal |quotes=no |author=Rosenberg, M. S. |url=http://lsweb.la.asu.edu/rosenberg/Pubs/JCrustBiol2001v21p839.pdf |title=The Systematics and Taxonomy of Fiddler Crabs: A Phylogeny of the Gen"Italic text"us "Uca" |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |year=2001 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=839–869 |format=PDF |doi=10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021 [0839:TSATOF] 2.0.CO;2] . Belonging to the family Ocypodidae, fiddler crabs are most closely related to the ghost crabs of the genus "Ocypode". This crustacean is named for the fiddle-shaped large claw present on males. This entire group is comprised of small crabs – the largest being slightly over two inches across. Fiddler crabs are found along sea beaches and brackish inter-tidal mud flats, lagoons and swamps.

Like all crabs, fiddler crabs shed their shells as they grow. If they have lost legs or claws during their present growth cycle a new one will be present when they molt. If the large fiddle claw is lost, males will develop one on the opposite side after their next molt. Newly molted crabs are very vulnerable due to their soft shells. They are reclusive and hide until the new shell hardens.

Ecology

Found in mangroves, salt marshes, and on sandy or muddy beaches of West Africa, the Western Atlantic, Eastern Pacific and Indo-Pacific, fiddler crabs are easily recognized by their distinctively asymmetric claws. It is the males which boast an oversized claw or "cheliped"; it plays a role in courtship and signalling among conspecifics. The movement of the smaller claw from ground to mouth during feeding inspired the crabs' common name; it appears as if the animal is playing the larger claw like a fiddle.

The crab's smaller claw picks up a chunk of sediment and brings it to the mouth, where its contents are sifted through. After anything edible is salvaged, be it algae, microbes, fungus, or other decaying detritus, the sediment is replaced in the form of a little ball. The presence of these sediment balls near the entrance to a burrow is a good indication of its occupation. Some experts believe that the feeding habits of fiddler crabs play a vital role in the preservation of wetland environments; by sifting through the sands, they aerate the substrate and prevent anaerobic conditions.

Lifecycle

Fiddler crabs live rather brief lives of no more than two years (up to three years in captivity). During courtship, the males wave their oversized claws high in the air and tap them on the ground in an effort to attract females. Fights between other males will also occur, which are presumably meant to impress the females; if a male loses his larger claw, the smaller one will begin to grow larger and the lost claw will regenerate into a new (small) claw. For at least some species of fiddler crabs, however, the small claw remains small, while the larger claw regenerates over a period of several molts, being about half its former size after the first molt. The female fiddler carries her eggs in a mass on the underside of her body. She remains in her burrow during a two week gestation period, after which she ventures out to release her eggs into the receding tide. The larvae remain planktonic for a further two weeks.

ubgenera and species

*"Australuca":*"Uca bellator":*"Uca elegans":*"Uca hirsutimanus":*"Uca longidigitum":*"Uca polita":*"Uca seismella":*"Uca signata"
*"Gelasimus":*"Uca borealis":*"Uca dampieri":*"Uca formosensis":*"Uca hesperiae":*"Uca neocultrimana":*"Uca tetragonon":*"Uca vocans":*"Uca vomeris"
*"Leptuca":*"Uca annulipes":*"Uca argillicola":*"Uca batuenta":*"Uca beebei":*"Uca bengali":*"Uca coloradensis":*"Uca crenulata":*"Uca cumulanta":*"Uca deichamnni":*"Uca dorotheae":*"Uca festae":*"Uca helleri":*"Uca inaequalis":*"Uca lactea":*"Uca latimanus":*"Uca leptochela":*"Uca leptodactyla":*"Uca limicola":*"Uca mjoebergi":*"Uca musica":*"Uca oerstedi":*"Uca panamensis":*"Uca perplexa":*"Uca saltitanta":*"Uca speciosa":*"Uca spinicarpa":*"Uca stenodactylus":*"Uca tallanica":*"Uca tenuipedis":*"Uca terpsichores":*"Uca tomentosa":*"Uca triangularis"
*"Minuca":*"Uca brevifrons":*"Uca burgersi":*"Uca ecuadoriensis":*"Uca galapagensis":*"Uca herradurensis":*"Uca longisignalis":*"Uca marguerita":*"Uca minax" - red-jointed fiddler:*"Uca mordax":*"Uca panacea":*"Uca pugilator" - sand fiddler:*"Uca pugnax" - mud fiddler:*"Uca pygmaea":*"Uca rapax":*"Uca subcylindrica":*"Uca thayeri":*"Uca umbratila":*"Uca victoriana":*"Uca virens" :*"Uca vocator":*"Uca zacae"
*"Paraleptuca":*"Uca chlorophthalmus":*"Uca crassipes":*"Uca inversa":*"Uca sindensis"
*"Tubuca":*"Uca acuta":*"Uca arcuata":*"Uca capricornis":*"Uca coarctata":*"Uca demani":*"Uca dussumieri":*"Uca flammula":*"Uca forcipata":*"Uca paradussumieri":*"Uca rhizophorae":*"Uca rosea":*"Uca typhoni":*"Uca uvillei"
*"Uca":*"Uca heteropleura" :*"Uca insignis" :*"Uca intermedia" :*"Uca major" :*"Uca maracoani" :*"Uca monolifera" :*"Uca ornata" :*"Uca princeps" :*"Uca stylifera" :*"Uca tangeri"

Captivity

Fiddler crabs are occasionally kept as pets [cite web |author=Lianne McLeod |title=How to Set Up a Tank for Fiddler Crabs |url=http://exoticpets.about.com/cs/rarespecies/a/fiddlercrabs.htm] .

The fiddler crabs sold in pet stores generally come from brackish water lagoons. Because they live in lower salinity water, pet stores may call them fresh-water crabs, but they cannot survive indefinitely in fresh water. Fiddler crabs should not be kept in fresh water more than a few days. Individual crabs should be perky and active and have all their claws and legs. Fiddler crabs can also be found in coastal areas in mud and sand inlet beaches and marshy area at low tide.

A ten gallon aquarium will house four medium size 1-2 inch) fiddler crabs with sufficient space to prevent aggression. Prepare a sloping sand area for the crabs to bury themselves. Brackish water fish can be added in larger aquariums. Fish such as platies, mollies, guppies and swordtails as well as ghost shrimp will adapt to moderate salinity.

Carbonate Hardness (KH) and pH Fiddler crabs do well with a pH or acidity of 8.0-8.3. Carbonate Hardness (KH) should optimally be between 150-350 ppm but crabs and some fish will tolerate higher levels. Substrate Fiddler crabs do not do well if they are deprived access to dry beach sand or dry to moist rock surfaces. Temperature Fiddler crabs do well in a range of temperatures between 75-85 F (24-29 C). If fish are kept in the tank the temperature may need to be regulated more precisely.

Gallery

ee also

Crab

Crab meat

References

External links

* [http://shimworld.wordpress.com/2008/05/05/beach-crabs-theyre-no-hermits/ Fiddler crabs storming the beach] - Shimworld.com/Brunei Darussalam
* [http://zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ethol/mov/04/0402/momo040225ul01.mov Movie of two fiddler crabs ("Uca lactea lactea") waving the enlarged claw] - University of Kyoto
* [http://www.fiddlercrab.info/ Info on systematics, phylogeny and morphology of fiddlers] - Fiddlercrab.info
* [http://www.mysabah.com/fiddler-crab/ The colorful fiddler crabs in the mangrove forest of Borneo] - mysabah.com