- United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals
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The United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (CCPA) is a former United States federal court which existed from 1909 to 1982 and had jurisdiction over certain types of civil disputes.
Contents
History
The CCPA began as the United States Court of Customs Appeals, created by the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of August 5, 1909, and it started its work the following year, on April 22, 1910. Five judges for the new court were appointed by President Taft: Robert Morris Montgomery, William H. Hunt, James Francis Smith, Orion M. Barber and Marion De Vries. The jurisdiction was originally appeals from decisions of the Board of General Appraisers, and no further appellate review was permitted. This changed in 1914, when writ of certiorari by the United States Supreme Court was allowed. The Patent Act of 1922 enlarged the jurisdiction of the court to include appeals on questions of law from Tariff Commission findings in proceedings relating to unfair practices in the import trade.
In 1929 the court's name was changed to the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals by an enactment that conferred upon it appeals from the United States Patent Office. These appeals included ex parte patent cases, appeals from interference proceedings, and trademark cases, appeals which theretofore had been heard in United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In the 1929 case Ex Parte Bakelite Corporation,[1] the Supreme Court held that the CCPA was a court formed under Article I of the Constitution. This left the judges unable to sit by designation on regular Federal courts, and in an ambiguous situation regarding judicial retirement. This situation was not addressed by Congress until 1958 when a law was passed deeming the CCPA an Article III court. This law was subsequently upheld by the Supreme Court, which overruled the Bakelite case.
In 1930 the CCPA moved into the Internal Revenue Service Building and remained there until 1967. The CCPA moved into the National Courts Building (now the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building), which it shared with the United States Court of Claims.
In 1982 the CCPA was abolished by the Federal Courts Improvement Act, and its jurisdiction, docket and judges were transferred to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Judges
A total of 24 judges were appointed to the CCPA over the life of the court:
Judge Began active
serviceEnded active
serviceAppointed by Helen Wilson Nies 1980 1982 Carter Jack Richard Miller 1973 1983 Nixon Howard Thomas Markey 1972 1982 Nixon Donald Edward Lane 1969 1979 Nixon Phillip Benjamin Baldwin 1968 1982 Johnson James Lindsay Almond, Jr. 1963 1982 Kennedy Arthur Mumford Smith 1959 1968 Eisenhower Isaac Jack Martin 1958 1966 Eisenhower Giles Sutherland Rich 1956 1982 Eisenhower William Purington Cole 1952 1957 Truman Eugene Worley 1950 1974 Truman Noble Jacob Johnson 1948 1968 Truman Ambrose O'Connell 1944 1962 Roosevelt Joseph Raymond Jackson 1937 1969 Roosevelt Finis James Garrett 1929 1956 Hoover Irvine Luther Lenroot 1929 1949 Hoover William Johnson Graham 1924 1937 Coolidge Oscar Edward Bland 1923 1951 Harding Charles Sherrod Hatfield 1923 1950 Harding George Ewing Martin 1911 1924 Taft Orion Metcalf Barber 1910 1930 Taft James Francis Smith 1910 1928 Taft Marion De Vries 1910 1922 Taft Robert Morris Montgomery 1910 1920 Taft Bibliography
A brief history of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals / by Giles S. Rich. Washington, D.C. : Published by authorization of Committee on the Bicentennial of Independence and the Constitution of the Judicial Conference of the United States : U.S. G.P.O., 1980.
References
- ^ Ex Parte Bakelite Corporation, 279 U.S. 438 (1929).
External links
Categories:- Defunct United States courts
- United States patent law
- Article I tribunals
- United States trade law
- 1910 establishments in the United States
- 1982 disestablishments
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