Battle of Vélez-Málaga

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Málaga


caption=The "Battle of Malaga" by Isaac Sailmaker. Oil on canvas, 1704.
partof=the War of the Spanish Succession
date=August 24, 1704
place=near Málaga, Spain
result=Indecisive, Allied strategic victory
combatant1=flagicon|France|restauration [George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana, "The American Cyclopaedia", New York, 1874, p. 250, "...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis...". * [http://www.anyflag.com/history/fleur23.htm] The original Banner of France was strewn with fleurs-de-lis. * [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgdisplaylargemeta.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&imgs=12&total=98&pos=1&snum=] :on the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)." [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Flag] from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: "The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour."] Kingdom of France
flagicon|Spain|1701 Kingdom of Spain
combatant2=flagicon|England Kingdom of England
flagicon|Netherlands|pri United Provinces
commander1=Comte de Toulouse
Victor-Marie d'Estrées
commander2=George Rooke
strength1=50 warships
6 frigates
(3,577 guns)
24,275 men
strength2=53 ships of the line
6 frigates
7 fireships
(3,614 guns)
22,543 men
casualties1=1,600 dead or wounded
casualties2=2,700 dead or wounded

The Battle of Málaga (or Vélez-Málaga) was the largest naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on 24 August 1704 south of Málaga, Spain.

The Battle

Less than a week after the Capture of Gibraltar, Admiral George Rooke received intelligence that a French fleet under the command of Toulouse and d'Estrées was approaching Gibraltar. Leaving half his marines to defend the newly won prize, Rooke immediately set off with his combined English-Dutch fleet to engage the French.

The outcome of the action that followed, the Battle of Vélez-Málaga, was indecisive. Not a single vessel was sunk or captured on either side but the mutual battering left many ships barely seaworthy and casualties on both sides were high.

Byng's squadron, having expended so much ammunition in the previous bombardment of Gibraltar, was obliged to quit the line.

During the following day, the French kept their distance. On the next morning, the French fleet was nowhere to be seen. Rooke was fearful that it might have gone ahead of him to Gibraltar. In fact, the French had returned to Toulon claiming a great naval victory. The reality was, however, that by retreating to Toulon the French turned what had been a tactical stalemate into an Allied strategic victory, because after the Battle of Vélez-Málaga the French Navy never again emerged from port in full strength.

__NOTOC__

hips involved

England/Netherlands (George Rooke)

(90-gunners and above were 3-deckers)

Vanguard

*"Prince George" (96, flag of Vice-Admiral Sir John Leake, Captain Stephen Martin)
*"Newark" (80, Captain Richard Clarke)
*"Boyne" (80, Captain James Berkeley)
*"Norfolk" (80, Captain John Knapp)
*"Yarmouth" (70, Captain Jasper Hicks)
*"Berwick" (70, Captain Robert Fairfax)
*"Namur" (96, Captain Christopher Myngs)
*"Barfleur" (96, flag of Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Captain James Stuart)
*"Warspite" (70, Captain Edmund Loades)
*"Orford" (70, Captain John Norris)
*"Swiftsure" (70, Captain Robert Wynn)
*"Lennox" (70, Captain William Jumper)
*"Assurance" (66, Captain Robert Hancock)
*"Nottingham" (60, Captain Samuel Whitaker)
*"Tilbury" (50, Captain George Delaval)
*"Garland" (50, Captain Henry Hobart)

Centre

*"Royal Katherine" (90, flag of Admiral Sir George Rooke, Captain John Fletcher)
*"St George" (96, Captain John Jennings)
*"Shrewsbury" (80, Captain Josias Crowe)
*"Grafton" (70, Captain Sir Andrew Leake)
*"Nassau" (70, Captain Francis Dove)
*"Eagle" (70, Captain Lord Archibald Hamilton)
*"Monmouth" (70, Captain John Baker)
*"Montagu" (60, Captain William Cleveland)
*"Panther" (50, Captain Peregrine Bertie)
*"Kent" (70, flag of Rear-Admiral Thomas Dilkes, Captain Jonas Hanway)
*"Cambridge" (80, Captain Richard Lestock)
*"Royal Oak" (76, Capt. Gerard Elwes)
*"Bedford" (70, Captain Sir Thomas Hardy)
*"Suffolk" (70, Captain Robert Kirkton)
*"Burford" (70, Capt. Kerryll Roffey)
*"Monck" (60, Captain James Mighells)
*"Swallow" (50, Captain Richard Haddock)
*"Ranelagh" (80, flag of Rear-Admiral Georg Byng, Captain John Cowe)
*"Somerset" (80, Captain John Price)
*"Dorsetshire" (80, Captain Edward Whitaker)
*"Torbay" (80, Captain William Caldwell)
*"Essex" (70, Captain John Hubbard)
*"Le Ferme" (70, ex-French, Captain Baron Wyld)
*"Kingston" (60, Captain Edward Acton)
*"Triton" (50, ex-French, Captain Tudor Trevor)
*"Centurion" (50, Captain John Herne)

Rear

The rear division comprised the Dutch element of the Anglo-Dutch fleet.

*"Graaf van Albemarle" (64, flag of Lieutenant-Admiral Gerard Callenburgh) - blew up on 27th August on the way back to Gibraltar.
*"Unie" (90, flag of Vice-Admiral J. G. van Wassenaer)
*"Gelderland" (72, Capt. P. Schrijver)
*"Dordrecht" (72, Capt. van der Pot)
*"Katwijk" (72, Capt. J. C. Ockersse)
*"Wapen van Vriesland" (64, Capt. C. Middagten)
*"Wapen van Utrecht" (64, Capt. Bolck)
*"Bannier" (64, Capt. J. W. van Ghent)
*"Leeuw" (64)
*"Vliessingen" (64)
*"Nijmegen" (54, Capt. H. Lijnslager)
*"Damiaten" (52)

Others

*Five frigates
**"Lark" (40, Captain Charles Fotherby)
**"Roebuck" (40, Cptain Thomas Kempthorne)
**"Charles Galley" (32, Captain Joseph Taylor)
**"Tartar" (32, Captain John Cooper)
**"Newport" (24, Captain George Paddon)
*Two (bomb)s
**"Hare"
**"Terror" (Captain Isaac Cook)
*Seven fireships
**"Firebrand" (Cmdr. Henry Turvill)
**"Griffin" (Cmdr. George Ramsey)
**"Hunter" (Cmdr. Thomas Legge)
**"Lightning" (Cmdr. Archibald Hamilton)
**"Phoenix" (Cmdr. Edmund Hicks)
**"Vulcan" (Cmdr. John Clifton)
**"Vulture" (Cmdr. George Fisher)
*Two hospital ships
**"Princess Anne" (Cmdr. Charles Guy)
**"Jefferies" (Cmdr. Thomas Robinson)
*One yacht
**"William and Mary" (Cmdr. John Robinson)

Total

3614 guns, 22543 men

France (Toulouse and d'Estrées)

*"Sérieux" (70, Chamelin)
*"Foudroyant" (104, flagship of Toulouse)

Vanguard

*"Fier" (flag of VA de Villette Mursay)
*"Excellence"
*"Sage"
*"Intrépide" (Jean du Casse)
*"?" (Sainte-Maure)

Centre

*"Tonnant" (flag of Toulouse)
*"?" (flag of d'Estrées)
*others

Rear

*"?" (flag of RA de Langeron)
*others

Others

*6 frigates
*6 fireships
*28 large galleys
*5 tenders

Total

3577 guns, 24275 men

References

External links

* [http://www.gibconnect.com/~loonylenny/tercentenary/1704_malaga/1704_malaga.htm Battle of Velez-Malaga]