- Abdullah ibn Saud
*
Sa'd ibn Abdallah
*Saud ibn Abdallah
*Muhammad ibn Abdallah Abdullah ibn Saud ( _ar. عبد الله بن سعود ) was the fourth and last leader of what later became known as the
First Saudi State . He succeeded his father Saud bin Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad ibn Saud asimam of the "Muwahhideen" (orWahhabis , as they were known to their opponents) in1814 , and ruled until1818 . While the House of Saud had many successes under Saud, they had also managed to provoke a war with theOttoman Empire . As such, Abdullah immediately had to face an invasion of his domains by an Ottoman-Egyptian army under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, the son of the viceroy ofEgypt , Muhammad Ali. The Ottoman forces began their campaign by quickly recapturingMecca andMadinah . Heavily outnumbered and under-equipped, the Saudi forces retreated to their stronghold ofNajd . Rather than engage the invaders in open battle on his own turf, however, Abdullah decided to attempt to weather the invasion by fortifying his forces in the Najdi towns. As a result, Abdullah watched Ibrahim take the villages of Najd one by one, sacking any town that resisted, until Ibrahim finally reached the Saudi capital atDiriyah . After a siege that lasted several months, Abdullah finally surrendered in the winter of1818 , marking the end of the Saudi state. Ibrahim systematically razed Diriyah to the ground and sent many members of theAl Saud clan into captivity in Egypt and Constantinople. Abdullah himself was promptly put to the sword in Constantinople at the behest of the OttomanSultan , and his severed head was thrown into the waters of theBosphorus . Although the Ottomans maintained several garrisons in Najd thereafter, they were unable to prevent the resurrection of the Saudi state under another member of the Saudi clan, Turki ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Saud.
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