Barry Marshall

Infobox Scientist
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name = Barry Marshall

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birth_date = birth date and age|1951|09|30|df=yes
birth_place = Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
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citizenship = Australian
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fields = Medicine: Microbiology
workplaces = University of Western Australia
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known_for = "Helicobacter pylori"
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awards = 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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Barry James Marshall, AC FRS FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall is well-known for proving that bacteria "Helicobacter pylori" are the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. He has recently accepted a part-time appointment at the Pennsylvania State University. [cite web
title =Nobel laureate Marshall joins Penn State faculty
url =http://live.psu.edu/story/25683
publisher =Penn State Live
date =2007-09-06
accessdate = 2007-09-06 ]

Early years

Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at seven. He attended High School at Newman College and the University of Western Australia, where he received a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1975. He married his wife Adrienne in 1972.cite web
last =Barry
first =Marshall
title =Autobiography
work =
publisher =Nobel Foundation
year =2005
url =http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/marshall-autobio.html
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ] [In 1972 he was also a state yo-yo champion.]

Life and research

In 1979 Marshall was appointed as a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. He met Robin Warren, a pathologist interested in gastritis, during internal medicine fellowship training at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together, the pair studied the presence of spiral bacteria in association with gastritis. The following year (1982), they performed the initial culture of "H. pylori" and developed their hypothesis related to the bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. It has been claimed that the "H. pylori" theory was ridiculed by the establishment scientists and doctors, who did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall has been quoted as saying in 1998 that "Everyone was against me, but I knew I was right". [cite web
title =Barry Marshall Interview, H. Pylori and the Making of a Myth
publisher =Academy of Achievement
date =May 23 1998
url =http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/mar1int-1
accessdate =2007-01-28 ] On the other hand, it has also been argued that medical researchers showed a proper degree of skepticism until the "H. pylori" hypothesis could be proved. [cite web
last=Atwood
first=Kimball C.
title =Bacteria, Ulcers, and Ostracism?
publisher =Skeptical Inquirer
month =November | year =2004
url =http://www.csicop.org/si/2004-11/bacteria.html
accessdate =2007-07-17 ]

After failed attempts to infect piglets in 1984, Marshall drank a petri-dish of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. Symptoms included vague stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting and halitosis. On the 14th day of the infection, biopsies of Marshall's stomach did not reveal any bacteria - so spontaneous eradication may have occurred. However, on the insistence of his wife, he did take antibiotics immediately after that endoscopy so there was no way of double-checking the negative result. Interestingly, he did not develop antibodies to H.pylori, suggesting that innate immunity can sometimes eradicate acute H.pylori infection. His illness and recovery, based on a culture of organisms extracted from a patient, fulfilled Koch's postulates for "H. pylori" and gastritis, but not for peptic ulcer. This experiment was published in 1985 in the Medical Journal of Australia [ [http://www.mja.com.au/ Medical Journal of Australia] ] and is among the most cited articles from the journal. [cite journal
last =Van Der Weyden
first =Martin B
authorlink =
coauthors =Ruth M Armstrong and Ann T Gregory
title =The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
journal =Medical Journal of Australia
volume =183
issue =11/12
pages =612–614
publisher =Medical Journal of Australia
year =2005
url =http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_11_051205/van11000_fm.html#0_i1091639
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ]

After this work at Fremantle Hospital, Marshall did research at Royal Perth Hospital (1985-86) and at the University of Virginia, USA (1986-1996), before returning to Australia. He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998-2003 [cite web
title =Professor Barry Marshall
publisher =University of Western Australia
date =28 July 2006
url =http://www.postgraduate.uwa.edu.au/home/prospective/heroes/marshall
accessdate =2007-01-28 ] and continues research related to "H. pylori" and runs the H.pylori Research Laboratory at UWA. [cite web
first=Barry
last=Marshall
title =Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory
publisher =University of Western Australia
date =August 26 2002
url =http://www.hpylori.com.au
accessdate =2007-01-28 His home page and various links can also be found there.]

Awards and honours

In 2005, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and his long-time collaborator Dr. Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium "Helicobacter pylori" and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease".cite web
title =The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
publisher =Nobel Foundation
year =2005
url =http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/illpres/
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ]

Marshall also received the Warren Alpert Prize in 1994, the Australian Medical Association Award in 1995, Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1995 and the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1996, the Paul Ehrlich Prize in 1997, the Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine in 1998, the Florey Medal in 1998, the Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society in 1998, Benjamin Franklin Medal for Life Sciences in 1999, the Keio Medical Science Prize in 2002 and the Australian Centenary Medal in 2003. [cite web
title =Curriculum Vitae
publisher =Nobel Foundation
year =2005
url =http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/marshall-cv.html
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ]

He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007. [cite web
title =It's an Honour
publisher =Government of Australia
date =26 January 2007
url =http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1133678&search_type=quick&showInd=true
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ]

ee also

*Timeline of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori

Notes

References

* Marshall BJ, Warren JR. "Unidentified curved bacillus on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis." Lancet 1983;1((8336):1273-1275. PMID 6134060.
* Marshall BJ, Warren JR. "Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration." Lancet 1984;1(8390):1311-1315. PMID 6145023.
*cite news
last =Sweet
first =Melissa
title =Smug as a bug
publisher =The Sydney Morning Herald
date =August 2 1997
url =http://www.vianet.net.au/~bjmrshll/features2.html
accessdate = 2007-01-28

External links

* [http://www.helico.com/cgi-bin/yabb/YaBB.pl?board=;action=login The Helicobacter Foundation Discussion Pages]
* [http://www.hpylori.com.au The Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory]
* [http://www.helico.com The Helicobacter Foundation]

Persondata
NAME=Marshall, Barry
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Nobel Prize winner, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology
DATE OF BIRTH=30 September 1951
PLACE OF BIRTH=Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=