Canyon Towhee

Taxobox
name = Canyon Towhee
status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1

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regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Emberizidae
genus = "Pipilo"
species = "P. fuscus"
binomial = "Pipilo fuscus"
binomial_authority = Swainson, 1827

The Canyon Towhee or Brown Towhee, "Pipilo fuscus", is a bird of the family Emberizidae. It is native to lower-lying areas from Arizona, southern Colorado, and western Texas south to northwestern Oaxaca, Mexico, mostly avoiding the coasts.

The taxonomy of the group of towhees to which this species belongs is debated. At the higher level, some authors place the towhees in the family Fringillidae. Within the genus, there has been dispute about whether the Brown Towhee is a distinct species from the California Towhee, "Pipilo crissalis", found in coastal regions from Oregon and California in the United States through Baja California in Mexico. At present, molecular genetics seems to have settled this issue in favour of separation of the species.

The Canyon Towhee's natural habitat is brush or chaparral. Its skulking habits and nondescript appearance mean that it is not one of the better known birds. It is around 20–25 cm in length and plump, and has a noticeably long tail. It is earthy brown in color, with somewhat lighter underparts and a somewhat darker head with a rufous cap (except that birds in central Mexico have the cap the same color as the back); there is also a slightly reddish area beneath the tail. There is little sexual dimorphism.

The Canyon Towhee feeds on the ground or in low scrub rather than in the tree canopy. Near human habitation, it is often seen in parking lots, where it feeds on insects on the cars' grills and takes cover under the cars when disturbed.

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
*
* Johnson, R. R., and L. T. Haight. 1996. Canyon Towhee ("Pipilo fuscus"). In "The Birds of North America, No. 264" (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
*

External links

* [http://birdfotos.com/birdfoto/towhee/canyon1.htm Page with photographs and recording from birdfotos.com]
* [http://www.naturesongs.com/paruicte.html#embe North American Bird Sounds—Parulidae through Icteridae] with recordings and a link to a photograph.