Willem Sassen

Wilhelmus Antonius Sassen (16 April 1918 – 2001) was a Dutch collaborator, Nazi journalist and a member of the SS, where he had the rank of Untersturmführer corresponding to lieutenant. He became widely known around 1960 as the interviewer of Adolf Eichmann.

Private biography, family

Willem Sassen was born in Geertruidenberg, Netherlands. He grew up in a traditional Roman Catholic family in North Brabant and went to gymnasium in Neerbosch near Nijmegen and in Breda. His father was impressed by the fascist ideas of "Zwart Front" (literally "Black Front"). Sassen decided not to become a priest but to study laws in Leuven and Ghent instead. As a student, Sassen became a member of the German-Flemish workers' group "De Vlag". When Sassen visited the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, his admiration for Hitler and Nazi Germany grew. Because of Sassen's pro-Nazi political activities, the authorities expelled him from Belgium, so he could not finish his law studies.

In 1938 Sassen became a recruit in the Dutch army and was trained as an artillerist. When Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940, Sassen was a member of the 7th Field Artillery regiment and was taken prisoner by the Germans for a short time.

Sassen married "Paula Fisette" in 1940, divorced, and later married "Miep van der Voort", with whom he had two children. In the 1970s, in his third marriage Sassen married "Els Delbaere", daughter of a Flemish artist, who because of his Nazi past had also fled to Argentina.

Nazi- and SS-Career up to 1945

On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), and Sassen volunteered for the German Eastern front. He became a member of the first Netherlands PK ("Propaganda Kompanie"). Because he had been working for Radio Bremen for some time already, he could start his work as a war correspondent after a short cut training. He was a "Wort-und Funkberichter" with the SS-division "Wiking" in the southern sector of the front and in the spring of 1942 witnessed the offensive in the Caucasus. On 26 July 1942, Sassen was wounded near Rostov and during the following eight months recovered in hospitals in Kraków, Munich and Berlin. In April 1943 he was promoted to SS-Unterscharführer (the lowest rank of non-commissioned officer, comparable to a US Corporal) and assigned to an SS armoured division near Kharkov. In the summer of 1943, he followed another training course on war correspondence and propaganda together with Dutch colleagues in Villach, Austria.

From August 1943 to June 1944 together with his Flemish colleague "Jef Desseyn", he formed the permanent editor team of Radio Brussels ("Zender Brussel"). The team was also responsible for training courses for war correspondents. On 6 June 1944 (D-Day), Kriegsberichter Sassen was at the front in Normandy reporting the battles around Caen, Bayeux, St. Lo, Avranches, Falaise and Lisieux. On 1 September 1944, "Zender Brussel" was ordered to be evacuated to Germany. Sassen remained in the Netherlands, reported the airborne landings around Arnhem and became the editor of the newspaper "Het Nieuws van den Dag" in Amsterdam. On 23 October 1944, Sassen in his newspaper called upon the hungry and cold of Amsterdam to go robbing food and fuel in the districts of the more rich and wealthy people; this was too much even for the Germans, and on pressure of the Sicherheitsdienst police, Sassen was dismissed.

Escape to and Second Career in Argentina

On 5 June 1945, Sassen was arrested in Alkmaar by the "British Field Security" and interned in "Fort Blauwkapel" near Utrecht. On Christmas Eve of 1945 inmates performed the one-act play "The Escape" (Dutch: "De Ontsnapping") written by Sassen. At the end, Sassen called out, as the text of his role read: "I go to London, father! The radio calls me! I cannot stay here! Good bye, father! I go!", thereby addressing this very father, who was in the audience, and with two fellow-inmates escaped through a window, the bars of which had been sawed in preparation.

In the 1970s, Sassen among others worked as a PR-consultant for Chile's dictator Pinochet and Paraguay's dictator general Alfredo Stroessner.

The Eichmann interviews

In the 1950s, Sassen interviewed Adolf Eichmann, several years after the end of the Third Reich and subsequently Eichmann's reign as head of the Nazi's Final Solution. Parts of the interviews were published in two articles in Life magazine. It is assumed that the transcripts of the interviews are much more realistic and personal than the autobiography Eichmann wrote while in prison in Israel, possibly attempting to place himself in a better light and alter the outcome of the trial. In 1980 the "Sassen documents" or "Sassen tapes", consisting of approximately 600 pages of material from the interviews, were given to Eichmann's widow Veronika.

References

* Gerard Groeneveld: "Kriegsberichter", Nederlandse SS-oorlogsverslaggevers 1941–1945." Nijm

External links

* [http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/browning4.htm Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution (hosted by the University of the West of England, Bristol)]
* [http://afanederland.antifa.net/indexjanuari2005.htm#ss290105 Review by Paul de Schipper of the book by Gerard Groeneveld: "Kriegsberichter", Nederlandse SS-oorlogsverslaggevers 1941–1945." Nijm
] ISBN 90-77503-09-9 in Dutch language