The Rockford Files

Infobox Television
show_name = The Rockford Files


caption = Title sequence showing the famous answering machine
format = Drama
Mystery
runtime = 60 minutes
creator = Roy Huggins
Stephen J. Cannell
executive_producer = Stephen J. Cannell
starring = James Garner
Noah Beery Jr.
Joe Santos
Gretchen Corbett
Stuart Margolin
theme_music_composer = Mike Post
Pete Carpenter
country = USA
network = NBC
first_aired = September 13, 1974
last_aired = January 10, 1980
num_seasons = 6
num_episodes = 122 plus 8 TV Movies
list_episodes = List of Rockford Files episodes
imdb_id = 0071042

"The Rockford Files" is an American detective (private investigator) television drama that had its first run on the NBC television network between September 13, 1974 and January 10, 1980 and has been in constant syndication to the present day. The show is notable for the quality of its writing (mainly from Stephen J. Cannell, Juanita Bartlett, and David Chase), the easy charm and charisma of James Garner, who starred as Jim Rockford, and an agile Pontiac Firebird.

The show was created by Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell. Huggins had produced the television show "Maverick", which had also starred Garner, from 1957 to 1962, and wanted to try and recapture that magic in a "modern day" detective setting. He teamed with Cannell, who had written for Jack Webb productions such as "Adam-12" and "Chase" (1973–74, NBC), to create "Rockford". The show was credited as "A Public Arts / Roy Huggins Production in association with Cherokee Productions and Universal Studios" (later NBC Universal). Cherokee was the name of Garner's own company, which he ran with partner Meta Rosenberg and Juanita Bartlett, who doubled as story editor during most of "Rockford"'s run.

The series' memorable theme by composers Mike Post and Pete Carpenter received Top 40 radio airplay, went to #10 on the Billboard Hot 100, stayed 44 weeks on the charts, and won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement.Knight, Judson. [http://arts.enotes.com/contemporary-musicians/post-mike-biography Mike Post] - at eNotes.com] [http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=carpenter&year=1975&genreID=0&hp=1 Post and Carpenter] - Grammy.com] [ [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=379&cfgn=Singles&cfn=The+Billboard+Hot+100&ci=3070850&cdi=8867253&cid=08%2F30%2F1975 The Rockford Files (theme)] - at Billboard.com]

The series continues to air in reruns today; as of 2008, Sleuth, RTN and a handful of syndicated affiliates carry the program. The first three seasons of the show are currently available in streaming video format through Hulu.com.

Premise

Producers Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell devised the main character to be a rather significant departure from typical television detectives of the time. James Scott Rockford, usually called Jim (sometimes "Jimmy" or "Jimbo"), played by veteran movie/television actor James Garner, served time in California's San Quentin prison in the 1960s due to a wrongful conviction for armed robbery; after five years, he received a pardon. His infrequent jobs as a private investigator barely allowed him to maintain his dilapidated mobile home (which doubled as his office) in a parking lot on the beaches of Malibu, California. His often-uncollected rate was "$200 a day, plus expenses", which many of his mid-1970s era clients considered steep.

In early episodes in the show's first season, the trailer was located in a crowded parking lot alongside the highway and near the ocean; for the rest of the series, the trailer was located at Paradise Cove, adjacent to the pier, and a restaurant, "the Sandcastle". In the series of TV movies from 1994-99, Rockford was still living in a trailer, but it had been extensively enlarged and remodeled, and could no longer be described as "dilapidated".

Unlike the almost uniformly macho and trigger-happy gumshoes on other shows of that day (and before), Rockford would just as soon duck a fight as swing his fists, and he rarely carried a gun (for which he did not have a permit; he kept it in a jar of freeze dried coffee in his kitchen). In contrast to most nattily dressed TV private eyes of the time, Rockford wore off-the-rack, low-budget, slightly tacky clothing (favoring tan, brown and beige jackets, much to the amusement of a high-fashion model in one episode).

As Rockford preferred talking his way out of trouble over violence, he typically worked on cold cases, missing persons and low-budget insurance scams. He repeatedly states in the series that he does not handle "domestic cases". In the pilot (and in Rockford's Yellow Pages ad), it was stressed he "specialized in closed criminal cases," so as to avoid conflict (and trouble) with the police. [ [http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/rockford/multimedia/gallery2_files/page33-1008-full.html Pilot Yellow Page advertisement] @ TheSandBox.net] This point was mostly ignored in the later seasons, to allow Rockford to become involved in more dramatic cases like murder, kidnapping, and extortion.Fact|date=September 2007

Cast

Starring:
* James Garner — James Scott Rockford - An easygoing low-budget private eye who works by his own code -- and, of course, for $200 a day (plus expenses).

Also Starring:
* Noah Beery, Jr. — Joseph "Rocky" Rockford – Jim's father, a retired truck driver.
* Joe Santos — Sgt. Dennis Becker – Jim's friend in the LAPD (promoted to Lieutenant in season 5)

Recurring Stars:
* Stuart Margolin — Evelyn "Angel" Martin – Jim's former cellmate / con artist friend
* Gretchen Corbett — Elizabeth "Beth" Davenport – Jim's lawyer / girlfriend (seasons 1–4)
* James Luisi — Lieutenant Douglas J "Doug" Chapman (seasons 3-6)
* Tom Atkins — Lieutenant Alex / Thomas Diehl (seasons 1-2 & 4)
* Bo Hopkins — John "Coop" Cooper – Jim's disbarred attorney friend (Season 5)
* Pat Finley — Peggy Becker, Dennis' wife

Characters

Rockford's pursuit of these cases would often lead to difficulties with his friend in the LAPD, Sgt. Dennis Becker (played by character actor Joe Santos), a homicide detective struggling to advance in the department under a series of overbearing lieutenants. The two most notable were: "Alex/Thomas Diehl" (Tom Atkins) during the first, second and fourth seasons and "Doug Chapman" (James Luisi) in the third to sixth seasons of the show's run. Those higher-ups invariably hated Rockford (and private investigators generally) because of their perception that either he meddled in open cases or was trying to make the LAPD look incompetent in its handling of closed ones. Further, Rockford often called Becker asking for favors such as running license plates through the state computer system, sometimes annoying the already overworked cop. Eventually, by the fifth season, Becker was promoted to lieutenant; it was stated in the story line that Becker's association with Rockford, considered by LAPD brass to be a shifty ex-con, had probably hampered Becker's chances for promotion. "Lt. Chapman" also intensely disliked the fact that Becker had become his "equal". Becker appeared in 89 of the 123 episodes during the run, and the chemistry of Garner and Santos was one of series TV's most enduring friendships.

Unlike many 1960s and 70s TV private eyes, who typically lived in penthouse apartments or ritzy houses, Rockford resided in a decidedly humbler abode: a trailer house in Malibu on the Pacific Coast Highway, not far from the small bungalow home of his father, Joseph "Rocky" Rockford (played by veteran actor Noah Beery Jr., nephew of screen legend Wallace Beery). Rocky (Jim usually called his dad by his nickname) was an ex-Seabee, semi-retired semi-truck driver who often nagged his son to get more stable employment, often urging him to follow in his footsteps as a truck driver (especially in early seasons).

The relationship of this father and son was an integral part of the show. Rocky appeared in 101 of the 123 episodes, and was usually involved (whether he liked it or not) in his son's cases. Occasionally, he even hired Jim himself. Adding to the credibility of the casting, there was also a physical (and facial) resemblance between Garner and Beery.

Jim Rockford's mother was never shown, never named, and only referred to once (indirectly) over the run of the series. Whether Rocky was a widower or a divorcee was never discussed in the storylines.

Rockford's scheming former San Quentin cellmate, Evelyn "Angel" Martin (something of a comic relief character portrayed by character actor Stuart Margolin), would almost always get Rockford in trouble, usually by involving him in hare-brained scams, which as often as not would result in either his arrest or being placed on somebody's hit list. In spite of this however, Jim considered Angel as one of his best, if most exasperating, pals.

Rockford had a close relationship with his beautiful attorney, the idealistic, tenacious Elizabeth "Beth" Davenport (Gretchen Corbett). During the show, never made explicit, it was understood the two had been romantically involved at one time. At other times in the series, the two shared an "open relationship," dating others and openly discussing their respective romances with each other.

After Corbett was dropped from the show after the fourth season (allegedly due to contract disputes between Universal, which owned her contract, and Cherokee Productions, Garner's company which produced "Rockford"), a new legal adviser (Jim's disbarred attorney friend John "Coop" Cooper), and a new romantic interest for Rockford were introduced:Dr. Megan Dougherty (Kathryn Harrold), a blind, yet very independent and gorgeous psychiatrist, who made three appearances in the fifth and sixth seasons. Rockford also had romantic flings with numerous other women on the show, but none appeared to last for any significant period. Most episodes, but not all had a "leading lady" figure.

Garner's brother, Jack Garner, made 23 guest appearances playing (at various times) a policeman, a gas station attendant, and a stranger in a bathroom. The most regular character Jack played was that of police "Captain McEnroe" in a number of appearances in the final season.

Credits

The writing on the show was penned by co-creator and TV icon Cannell (36 episodes); one of the show's producers and Garner's partner at Cherokee Productions, Juanita Bartlett (34 episodes; also "Scarecrow and Mrs. King" and "In the Heat of the Night"); David Chase (16 episodes; "Northern Exposure" and "The Sopranos"); and Roy Huggins (as John Thomas James), among others. Directors included William Wiard (23 episodes), Lawrence Doheny (10 episodes), and Ivan Dixon (previously a star on "Hogan's Heroes") (9 episodes). Veteran actor James Coburn also directed an episode. Coburn had co-starred with Garner in the classic movies "The Great Escape" (1963) and "The Americanization of Emily" (1964). Garner himself directed one episode, "The Girl in The Bay City Boys' Club," in the show's second season (as of 2008, Garner's only directing credit).

Among those appearing in Rockford episodes were: Lindsay Wagner, James Woods, Dionne Warwick, Ed Harris, Robert Loggia, Suzanne Somers, Stefanie Powers, Larry Hagman, Bill Mumy, Sharon Gless, Rick Springfield, Pernell Roberts, Joe E. Tata, Isaac Hayes, Rita Moreno, Joseph Campanella, Rene Auberjonois, Noble Willingham, Richard Herd, James Cromwell, Linda Evans, Linda Dano, Mariette Hartley, David Ruprecht, Ed Nelson, Roger E. Mosley, Blair Brown, Strother Martin, Michael Lerner, Ned Beatty, Gary Crosby, Michael Conrad, Cynthia Sykes, Marcia Strassman, Paul Michael Glaser, David Spielberg, Veronica Hamel, among many others. Rob Reiner, at the time a major sitcom star on All in the Family, appeared along with former NFL linebacker (and later sitcom star) Dick Butkus in a Rockford episode. Veteran Hollywood stars Joseph Cotten and Lauren Bacall also appeared on the show. Future "Press Your Luck" host Peter Tomarken guest starred on an episode as a commercial director. Future "Knots Landing" stars John Pleshette, Joan Van Ark and Ted Shackelford also made some cameo appearances as well. A very notable guest star in two episodes was Garner's former co-star from "Maverick" — Jack Kelly, as well as Beery's real-life son, Bucklind Beery. Character actor Robert Webber appeared as four different characters: Senator Evan Murdock, Bob Coleman, Roman Clementi and Harold Jack Coombs.

Two "Rockford Files" episodes, "The Jersey Bounce" (1978) and "Just A Coupla Guys" (1979), written by Chase, featured Jim Rockford interacting with members of organized crime (including a New Jersey Mafia family), which may have foreshadowed Chase's later work on "The Sopranos." Fact|date=February 2007 Actor Gregory Antonacci, who appeared on "The Sopranos" in the 2006-07 seasons as Phil Leotardo's sideman Butch DeConcini, appeared in the two episodes as the young wannabe Mafia hood Eugene Conligilaro.

Famous answering machine introduction

"Main article: See List of Jim Rockford's answering machine gags".

The show's title sequence began with someone leaving a message on Rockford's answering machine, a device which was still something of a novelty in 1974, and which Rockford was leasing, at apparently significant cost (as mentioned in several episodes).

A different message was heard in each episode. These frequently had to do with creditors to whom Rockford owed money, or deadbeat clients who owed money to "him". They were usually unrelated to the rest of the plot. As the series went on, this gimmick became a burden for the show's writers, who had to come up with a different joke every week. Suggestions from staffers and crew were often used.

Aftermath

The still-successful show went into hiatus late in 1979 when Garner was told by his doctors to take time off because of his bad knees and back, as well as an ulcer. He sustained the former conditions largely because of his insistence on performing most of his own stunts, especially those involving fist fights or car chases. Because of his excruciating physical pain, Garner eventually opted not to continue with the show a number of months later, and NBC cancelled the program in mid-season. It was also alleged that "Rockford" became extremely expensive to produce, mainly due to the extensive location filming and frequent use of high-end actors as guest stars. According to some sources, NBC and Universal claimed the show was generating a deficit of several million dollars, a staggering amount for a nighttime show in those days, although Garner and his production team Cherokee Productions claimed the show always turned a profit.

Later in the 1980s, after he attempted to fulfill his "Rockford" contract with a 1981 "Maverick" revival titled "Bret Maverick," Garner became engaged in a legal dispute with Universal regarding the profits from "Rockford" that lasted over a decade, causing (and reflecting) significant ill will on both sides. The dispute was settled out of court (for an undisclosed amount) in Garner's favor, but because of this conflict, the Rockford character would not re-emerge until 1994.

Universal began syndicating the show (initially under the name "Jim Rockford, Private Investigator" due to standard practices at that time for a show still running on a network) in 1979 and aggressively marketed it to local stations well into the early and middle 1980s. This almost certainly accounts for its near-ubiquity on afternoon and late-night schedules in those days. From those showings, "Rockford" developed a cult following among younger generations of fans, with the momentum continuing throughout the 1990s and 2000s on cable. The show was broadcast for a few months in 2006 on Superstation WGN, before the station cancelled it in favor of "Matlock." As of 2007, the Retro Television Network has once again begun broadcasting the program nationwide, as are the digital cable channel Sleuth and the cable channel WWME (Me TV Channel 23), a Chicago-based outlet. ION Television also has rights to the show and has it slated for future broadcast. The series was also broadcast in the UK on BBC1 and has since been repeated on BBC2 and ITV1 and also on Granada +Plus which later became ITV3.

Rockford's style was said to have influenced the creation of many other detective shows, including "Magnum, P.I." and "Tenspeed and Brown Shoe" (also created by Cannell). Tom Selleck made two guest appearances on "Rockford" in the comic role of private investigator Lance White, a character who was everything Rockford was not — wealthy, highly educated, debonair, irresistible to women, and ethical to a fault. Rockford's producers would later tap Selleck in the next TV season after the "Rockford" cancellation for Universal's "Magnum P.I.", where he played a character similar in many ways to Rockford, although with wholesome, patriotic undertones in the context and plots.

Episodes

The series pilot aired on NBC March 27, 1974 as a 90-minute made-for-television movie. In the pilot, Robert Donley played Rockford's father; Lindsay Wagner also starred and later made a return appearance. The pilot was titled "Backlash of the Hunter" for syndication.

Four written, but unproduced, season 6 episodes have been referred to in "Thirty Years of the Rockford Files" by Ed Robertson (2006). There is no mention of these episodes having been filmed. This would appear to be the source of the rumour that four filmed and completed "Rockford" episodes were destroyed in a fire in 1980, before ever airing. No substantion of this rumour has ever been offered.

Movies

Eight "Rockford Files" reunion TV movies were made from 1994 to 1999, airing on the CBS network (whereas the original series had aired on NBC previously) and reuniting most of the cast from the original show. Beery died on November 1, 1994, so the first of these movies, which aired later that month, stated, "This picture is dedicated to the memory of Noah Beery, Jr. We love you and miss you, Pidge." "Pidge" was Beery's nickname.

pinoffs

The character of Richie Brockelman, played by Dennis Dugan, who first appeared in a 1976 series pilot produced by Cannell, appeared in the 1978 Rockford episode, "The House on Willis Avenue." The limited-run series, "Richie Brockelman, Private Eye" appeared as a summer-replacement series, thus becoming the only "Rockford" spinoff to be aired, but was cancelled after five episodes. Episodes were also stitched together to air in syndication as two-hour movies. The character of Richie Brockelman returned to Rockford in the 1979 episode, "Never Send A Boy King To Do A Man's Job."

Universal made a pilot featuring the characters of Gandolph "Gandy" Fitch and Marcus "Gabby" Hayes, played by Isaac Hayes and Lou Gossett, Jr., respectively, titled "Gabby & Gandy". The series never came to fruition, but the pilot was broadcast as an episode of "Rockford".

The 1969 film "Marlowe", which featured Garner as a Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, the most famous of all wisecracking detectives, is an acknowledged inspiration for the "Rockford" series.

Ratings

DVD releases

Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released the first 5 seasons of "The Rockford Files" on DVD in Region 1. Universal Playback has also released the first 5 seasons on DVD in Region 2. The remaining season is expected to be released to complete the series. While Season Six has not been released on DVD yet, it is available online through Netflix to Netflix subscribers.Fact|date=June 2008

Trivia

* The license plate for the Pontiac Firebird Garner drove in the show was 853 OKG. Garner has claimed that his agent chose the plate numbers in tribute to “Oklahoma Garner” and either; a)the date he started acting or b)the date he was discharged from the Army after the Korean War, August 1953.
* Jim Rockford used a Colt Detective Special when necessary. He stored this snub-nose revolver buried up to its hammer in a cookie jar when not in use. He told a Sheriff in season 1, episode 10 "Freeze dried coffee, it soaks up the moisture. Keeps it from rusting in the ocean climate."
* In one episode, Rockford flashed a fake police badge with the name of "Norman, Oklahoma" (Garner's home town).
* In a few episodes, Rockford used a small, portable printing press to print fake business cards (props he used often to gain access to suspects and/or witnesses) while sitting in his car. In the 1990s, a company named OsoSoft Software came out with a Windows 3.1 program called Rockford (later Rockford Professional) to design business cards.
* The driving scenes, particularly in pick-up trucks, were real. Rather than use bluescreening, Garner would actually drive on many occasions — with studio lighting, booms and cameras in his face — and act.
* At the show's beginning in 1974, Jim Rockford always drove the current year's Pontiac Firebird, in a stock Pontiac gold color. There has always been some speculation, however, as to what actual model Firebird it was (or was supposed to be). Since so many different Firebirds were used for the show, this is hard to ascertain but a common belief is it was the Firebird Esprit model (distinctively badged as shown in the titles). Stunt mules and pick-up shot models could be several years older, obviously different cars, or even a Camaro rather than a Firebird. (While some episodes show a 70-73 stunt Firebird with the chrome bumpers painted black to match the '74-75 Firebird, there were never any Camaros used. There was also footage of the 70-73 Firebird romping across the desert through sagebrush.) For some unknown reason (perhaps Garner was not fond of the 1979 restyling, or perhaps the production company was saving money), Rockford never got a new Firebird after 1978, even though the show continued on until the 1980 model year. In the made-for-TV movies, which aired from 1994 through 1999, Rockford still drove a 1978 Firebird, by then a "classic auto."
* Mel Gibson's character in the "Lethal Weapon" movie series, LAPD officer Martin Riggs, lives in a trailer on the Malibu beach apparently within a very short distance of the fictional location of Jim Rockford's trailer. Several background/location shots of Riggs' trailer are almost identical to "Rockford Files" location shots.
* One of the episodes was entitled "Paradise Cove", which refers to the [http://www.californiacoastline.org/cgi-bin/image.cgi?
] where Jim supposedly lives.
* The trick driving maneuver where you accelerate backwards, flip the car around 180 degrees and then race off at full speed is commonly called the "Rockford" due to Jimmy's prevalent use in various episodes. This maneuver is formally referred to as the J-Turn.
* Rockford's phone number, 555-2368, was later re-used as the phone number of the Ghostbusters.
* James Garner is the only actor to appear in every episode of the series.
* The area code of Jim Rockford's phone number was curiously (311), as opposed to (213), which was Malibu's area code during the run of the program. (311) is still not a valid area code, as it ends with 11, which is reserved for special 3-digit numbers such as 411, 611, and 911. It is unclear why the writers chose to change the area code, as the 555 exchange is not real in any city (which is why Hollywood uses it); dialing the 555 prefix is reputed to connect the caller to directory assistance anywhere in the country.
* The trailer Rockford lived in and operated his office out of was used in the 1974 television movie "The California Kid", which starred Martin Sheen and Vic Morrow. This predated its appearance on The Rockford Files. Both the movie and the series were produced by Universal.
* In the episode "Drought at Indian Head River", Jim Rockford's address is listed as 29 Cove Road, Malibu. However, no such street actually exists in Malibu, CA.
* Joseph "Rocky" Rockford was shown to live in nearby Santa Monica in the episode "Coulter City Wildcat." While Rocky always was shown struggling for money (it was said he couldn't afford to gamble $10 per month), he would have been quite wealthy in 2008, with his home likely being worth about a million dollars.
* The band Ben Folds Five refer to "The Rockford Files" in their song "The Battle Of Who Could Care Less", which is featured on their 1997 album "Whatever And Ever Amen".
* In 8 Simple Rules James Garner's characters says watching his granddaughters play was better than watching Rockford Files, in which he played the title character.

References

External links

* [http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R/htmlR/rockfordfile/rockfordfile.htm "The Rockford Files"] - at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
* [http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=YSwZMiEUpE8 Interview Stephen J. Cannell's Archive of American Television explanation of Huggins' approach]
* [http://www.thrillingdetective.com/rocj.html "The Rockford Files"] - at the Thrilling Detective
* [http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/rockford/ "The Rockford Files"] - at the Sandbox
* [http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/rockford/answering_machine/index.html Rockford's answering machine messages] - at the Sandbox (complete transcription)
*
*
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* [http://rockfordgame.tripod.com/ "The Rockford Files Game"] - (clip-identification game)
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1814078786067513650&q=Roy+Huggins&total=20&start=10&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=1 Roy Huggins' Archive of American Television Interview]
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4302412264361908212&q=Roy+Huggins&total=20&start=10&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=3 Roy Huggins "Rockford Files" interview on video]
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3626836051868163639&q=Roy+Huggins&total=20&start=10&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=8 James Garner's Archive of American Television Interview]
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8844857220560459276&q=%22James+Garner%22+%22Charlie+Rose%22&total=4&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0 James Garner Interview on the "Charlie Rose Show"]
* [http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=BjElQhlOA18 Meta Rosenberg "Archive of American Television Interview"]
* [http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=N69ztk9-I_w&feature=related Mike Post "Archive of American Televison Interview"]