Pristinamycin

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Pristinamycin (INN), also spelled pristinamycine, is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections. It is a streptogramin group antibiotic, similar to virginiamycin, derived from the bacterium "Streptomyces pristina spiralis". It is marketed in Europe by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name Pyostacine.

Pristinamycin is a mixture of two components that have a synergistic antibacterial action. Pristinamycin I is a macrolide, and results in pristinamycin having a similar spectrum of action to erythromycin. Pristinamycin II is a depsipeptide.cite journal | author = Hamilton-Miller J | title = From foreign pharmacopoeias: 'new' antibiotics from old? | journal = J Antimicrob Chemother | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 702–5 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1938680 | doi = 10.1093/jac/27.6.702]

Clinical use

Despite the macrolide component, it is effective against erythromycin-resistant staphylococci and strepcococci.cite journal | author = Weber P | title = [Streptococcus pneumoniae: lack of emergence of pristinamycin resistance] | journal = Pathol Biol (Paris) | volume = 49 | issue = 10 | pages = 840–5 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11776696] cite journal | author = Leclercq R, Soussy C, Weber P, Moniot-Ville N, Dib C | title = [In vitro activity of the pristinamycin against the isolated staphylococci in the french hospitals in 1999-2000] | journal = Pathol Biol (Paris) | volume = 51 | issue = 7 | pages = 400–4 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12948760] Importantly, it is active against methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA). Its usefulness for severe infections, however, may be limited by the lack of an intravenous formulation owing to its poor solubility.cite book | editor= Edited by Sean C. Sweetman | title= | edition=34th edition | date=November 30, 2004 | publisher=Pharmaceutical Press | location=London | id= ISBN 0-85369-550-4] Nevertheless it is sometimes used as an alternative to rifampicin+fusidic acid or linezolid for the treatment of MRSA.

The lack of an intravenous formulation led to the development of the pristinamycin-derivative quinupristin/dalfopristin (i.e., Synercid), which may be administered intravenously for more severe MRSA infections.

ee also

*Methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA)
*Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Footnotes