Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland

__NOTOC__This timeline summarizes significant events in the history of Northumbria and Northumberland.

600

* 604 Aethelfrith unites Bernicia and Deira to form Northumbria.
* 625 Paulinus is consecrated as Bishop of York.
* 638 Gododdin hillfort at Edinburgh is captured by Edwin of Northumbria.
* 664 Synod of Whitby
* 664 Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham.
* 685 Loss to Picts at Battle of Dunnichen (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
* 687 Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage.

700

* 709 Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham.
* 715 Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels.
* 731 Bede writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at Jarrow.
* 793 Vikings raid Lindisfarne.
* 794 Vikings raid Jarrow.

800

* 829 Northumbria accepts Egbert of Wessex as overlord.
* 865 Northumbrians led by Aelle II defeat Ragnar Lodbrok's raiding Swedes.
* 866 York and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen Army."
* 867 Aelle II and Osbeorht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.

900

* 915 Ealdred I of Bernicia and Constantine II of Scotland are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of Corbridge.
* 927 Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
* 937 Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh.
* 954 Edinburgh is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
* 995 Monks from Lindisfarne establish Durham

1000

* 1018 Lothian is lost to Scottish king Malcolm II.
* 1065 The term "Northumberland" is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
* 1069 William I ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the harrowing of the North.
* 1080 Normans fortify a town on the Tyne, thereafter known as Newcastle.
* 1089 Northumberland county is created.

1100

*1137 Newminster Abbey is founded near Morpeth.
*1139 Matilda grants Northumberland north of the Tees to David I of Scotland.
*1143 Castle is built at Northallerton.
*1157 Henry II reclaims Northumberland from Scotland.
*1160 Castle is built at Norham.
*1174 While besieging Alnwick, William I of Scotland is captured and imprisoned in Newcastle.

1200

* 1216 King John orders destruction of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
* 1237 The Treaty of York defines the northern border of England and Northumberland county.
* 1296 English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
* 1297 Scots led by William Wallace burn Hexham, Corbridge and Ryton.

1300

* 1333 Edward III, besieging Berwick-upon-Tweed, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.
* 1346 Scottish force sacks Hexham prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross.
* 1349 Black Plague
* 1377 Henry Percy becomes first Earl of Northumberland.
* 1388 Battle of Otterburn

1400

* 1402 Battle of Humbleton Hill
* 1403 Henry "Hotspur" Percy is killed at Shrewsbury in battle against Henry IV.
* 1464 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
* 1482 Berwick-upon-Tweed last re-captured by England.

1500

* 1513 English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field.
* 1549 John Knox appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-Tweed.
* 1551 John Dudley becomes first Duke of Northumberland.
* 1569 Earl of Northumberland rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the North.
* 1597 Plague kills 340 in Newcastle.

1600

* 1603 Union of crowns under James I
* 1606 James I transports Border Reivers to Ireland in the Plantation of Ulster.
* 1640 Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
* 1649 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trials.

1700

* 1707 Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales.
* 1745 Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising.
* 1761 Troops in Hexham shoot 40 miners protesting against conscription.
* 1782 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.

1800

* 1800 Bewick publishes "British Birds".
* 1829 Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.
* 1838 Grace Darling rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
* 1853 Cholera epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.

1900

* 1903 Smallpox epidemic hits Newcastle.
* 1936 Two hundred men march from Jarrow to London to protest unemployment.
* 1940 Spitfires from RAF Acklington intercept Luftwaffe bombers off the Farne Islands.
* 1963 University of Newcastle upon Tyne is established as separate institution.
* 1966 Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease strikes Northumberland farms.
* 1974 The county of Tyne and Wear is created.

ee also

* History of Northumberland

External links

* [http://www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk/Timeline.htm Timeline of Northeast England]

ources

Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Waters, I. (1999). Northumberland: England's Border Country. "Contemporary Review, 275"(1605), 203-210.