Vehicle Assembly Building

Infobox_nrhp
name = Vehicle Assembly Building

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caption = Aerial view of the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center.
location = Brevard County, Florida USA
nearest_city = Merritt Island
lat_degrees = 28
lat_minutes = 35
lat_seconds = 10.61
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 80
long_minutes = 39
long_seconds = 4.61
long_direction = W
area =
architect =
architecture =
built = 1966
added = January 21, 2000
refnum = 99001642
visitation_num =
visitation_year =
governing_body = United States of AmericaThe Vehicle (originally Vertical) Assembly Building, or VAB, is located at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. It is the fourth largest building in the world by volume. The building is halfway between Jacksonville and Miami, and due east of Orlando on Merritt Island on the Atlantic coast of FloridaCite web|url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/facilities/vab.html|title= Vehicle Assembly Building|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 23|publisher=NASA|year=1999|author=NASA] .

The VAB is the largest one story building in the world,Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-06-2007/0004639535&EDATE|title=Groundbreaking Digital Experience for Endeavour Shuttle Launch|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 23|publisher=PR Newswire Association LLC|year=2007|author=PR Newswire Association LLC] and was the tallest building in Florida until 1974,cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=vehicleassemblybuilding-capecanavenueral-fl-usa|title=Vehicle Assembly Building|accessdate=2008-08-20|publisher=Emporis.com] and is still the tallest building in the United States outside an urban area.

History

The VAB was originally built to allow for the vertical assembly of the Saturn V rocket for the Apollo program. It is now used for housing external fuel tanks and flight hardware, and is the location of space shuttle orbiter mating (stacking) with the solid rocket boosters and external fuel tank, that combined makes up the complete Space Transportation System, called the Space Shuttle for short. Once assembled, the Space Transportation System is moved on the Mobile Launcher Platform and Crawler-Transporter to Launch complex 39.

ize

The VAB is convert|525|ft|m|1| tall, convert|716|ft|m|1 long and convert|518|ft|m|1 wide. It covers convert|8|acre|m2|-2, and encloses ft3 to m3|129428000|abbr=no|spell=Commonwealth|precision=-3|wiki=yes of space.

One indicator of the building's scale is that each of the stars on the American flag painted on the building is convert|6|ft|m|2|wiki=yes across, the blue field is the size of a regulation basketball court, and the stripes are as wide as a standard road lane. The flag is convert|209|ft|m|1 high, and convert|110|ft|m|1 wide, and was added in 1976 as part of United States Bicentennial celebrations, along with the star logo of the anniversary, later replaced by the NASA logo in 1998. The interior volume of the building is so vast, NASA employees have reported it has its own weather, "NASA employees report that rain clouds form below the ceiling on very humid days."Cite web|url=http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/docs/kids/L&W/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=July 11|publisher=NASA|year=2006|author=NASA]

The building has four large air machines (four cylindrical structures west of the building) to keep moisture under control.

tructure

Being in Florida, the building was constructed to withstand hurricanes and tropical storms. The most extensive damage occurred during the storm season of 2004, when Hurricane Frances blew off 850 10 × 40 foot (3 × 12 m) aluminum panels from the building, resulting in about convert|40000|sqft|m2|-2 of new openings in the sides.Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/09/06/nasa.frances.cnn/index.html|title=Frances tears panels from NASA shuttle hangar|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 23|publisher=CNN|year=2004|author=CNN] Twenty five additional panels were blown off the east side by the winds from Hurricane Jeanne just three weeks later. Earlier in the season, Hurricane Charley caused significant but less serious damage, estimated to cost $700,000. Damage caused by these hurricanes was still visible in 2007. It should be noted that some of these panels are "punch-outs", designed to detach from the VAB when a large pressure differential is created on the outside vs. the inside. This allows for equalization, and helps protect the structural integrity of the building during rapid changes in pressure such as in tropical cyclones.

Work began in early 2007 to restore the exterior paint on the immense facility. Special attention was paid to the enormous American flag and NASA "meatball" logo. The work will mend visible damage from years of storms and weathering. The building has not been repainted since 1998.Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/behindscenes/vab_flag.html|title=Restoring Old Glory and a Massive Meatball|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=July 11|publisher=NASA|date = 11 January 2007 | last = Mansfield | first = Cheryl L.]

pecifications

There are four entries to the bays located inside the building. Each door is convert|456|ft|m|1 high, and the north entry that leads to the transfer aisle was widened by convert|40|ft|m|1, to allow entry of the orbiter. A central slot at the center of the north entry allows for passage of the orbiter's vertical stabilizer.

To lift the components of the Space Transportation System, the VAB houses five overhead bridge cranes, and 60+ smaller cranes and hoists.

Future

It is expected that, starting in 2008-2009, the Vehicle Assembly Building will begin a transition for the assembly and processing of both the Space Shuttle and the Shuttle Derived Ares I crew launch vehicle for the upcoming Constellation Program. After the Shuttle's retirement in 2010, the VAB will become the assembly facility for both the Ares I, and the unmanned heavy lift Ares V launcher for the return to the Moon in 2018.

References

External links

*
* [http://labs.live.com/photosynth/NASA/default.htm VAB 3D Exploration at Microsoft Live Labs Photosyth]
*
* [http://www.flheritage.com/services/sites/fht/record_t.cfm?ID=90&type=c&index=5 Vehicle Assembly Building, High Bay and Low Bay] at [http://www.flheritage.com Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs]
* [http://www.googleearthhacks.com/dlfile5889/NASA-VAB,-Cape-Canaveral,-FL.htm 3D model of the building for use in Google Earth]

###@@@KEY@@@###succession box| before=Dade County Courthouse
title=Tallest Building in Florida| years=1965—1974 160m| after=Modis Building