Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day is celebrated every 1 July in Hong Kong since 1997. The holiday commemorates the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The day is customarily marked by an officially organised extravagant fireworks display in the evening, and is also the platform for political rallies demanding universal suffrage.

Current festivities

Protest marches

On July 1 of each year since the 1997 handover, a march is led by the Civil Human Rights Front. It has become the annual platform for demanding universal suffrage, calling for observance and preservation civil liberties such as free speech, venting dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government or the Chief Executive, rallying against actions of the Pro-Beijing camp.

However, it was only in 2003 when it drew large public attention by opposing the bill to enact the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23. Most notably, in 2003, the HKSAR Government proposed to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law.Basiclaw23HK. " [http://www.basiclaw23.gov.hk/english/pamphlet/pamphlet3_2.htm#1 Basiclaw23] ." "Treason, subversion and secession." Retrieved on 2007-12-28.] However, fears that by legislating against acts such as treason, subversion, secession and sedition, the legislation would infringe human rights by adopting the mainland's concept of "national security" into the HKSAR. Together with the general dissatisfaction with the Tung administration, about 500,000 people participated in this protest. Article 23 enactment was "temporarily suspended"Wong, Yiu-Chung. One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong's Transformation Since the Handover. Lexington books. ISBN 0739104926.]

History

Colonial history

Hong Kong's territory was acquired by United Kingdom from China through three separate treaties: the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, the Treaty of Beijing in 1860, and The Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory in 1898, which gave the UK the control of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon (area south of Boundary Street), and the New Territories (area north of Boundary Street and south of the Shenzhen River, and outlying islands), respectively. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon had been ceded to the United Kingdom in perpetuity, the control on the New Territories was a 99-year lease.

ino-British Joint Declaration

The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed by the Prime Ministers of the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom governments on December 19, 1984 in Beijing. The Declaration entered into force with the exchange of instruments of ratification on May 27, 1985. In the Joint Declaration, the PRC Government stated that it had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories) with effect from July 1, 1997, and the UK Government declared that it would restore Hong Kong to the PRC with effect from July 1, 1997. In the document the PRC Government also declared its basic policies regarding Hong Kong. [http://www.cmab.gov.hk/en/issues/jd2.htm Sino-British Joint Declaration] , Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, Hong Kong Government, Retrieved 2008-07-04]

In accordance with the "One country, two systems" principle agreed between the UK and the PRC, Hong Kong would become a special administrative region where the socialist system of PRC would not be practised, and Hong Kong's capitalist system and its way of life would remain unchanged for a period of 50 years from the date of handover.

Handover ceremony

The Hong Kong handover ceremony officially marked the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom. It was an internationally televised event with the ceremony commencing on the night of June 30, 1997, and finishing on July 1, 1997, at the new wing of the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) in Wan Chai. [Mike Smith and James Kelly, [http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=32779&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19970701&sear_year=1997 "SAR born in a blaze of Chinese colours"] , "The Standard", July 01, 1997]

Origins of the holiday, controversy

The day was made into a holiday by the Provisional Legislative Council on 10 May 1997 when it passed the Holidays (1997 and 1998) Bill, its first bill. [Cecilia So, [http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=29524&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19970510&sear_year=1997 "Interim council to pass first bill"] , "The Standard", May 10, 1997]

The Legislative Council under the colonial government adopted the Public Holiday (Special Holidays 1997) Bill on 17 June 1997 by 27 votes to nine, with the Liberal Party abstaining. The government tabled the bill for first reading in Legco in April 1997, two weeks after the provisional legislature had completed the first and second readings of its own holidays bill. The government was fiercely criticised by provisional legislature members who said it was a political tactic to embarrass the interim body. [Carmen Cheung, [http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=29346&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19970507&sear_year=1997 "Public holiday bill faces rough road after Legco debate"] , "The Standard", May 07, 1997]

References

See also

*Public holidays in Hong Kong