Poultney (town), Vermont

Poultney is a town in Rutland County in the southwest of the U.S. state of Vermont. New York state is on its western border. Castleton, Vermont is on its northern border. Poultney is home to Green Mountain College, a private liberal arts college with about 750 students. The Village of Poultney is entirely within the town.

History

Poultney was charted in 1761 by Benning Wentworth, Royal Governor of New Hampshire, and named for William Johnstone Pulteney, Member of Parliament and at one time the richest man in Great Britain. [http://www.greenmtn.edu/about/history.asp History of the College and Community] ]

Poultney was first settled by Thomas Ashley and Ebenezer Allen. Ashley married Zeruiah Richards and Allen married Lydia Richards, both daughters of Zebulon Richards of Windham County, Connecticut. Ashley and Allen established themselves in a cabin near the Poultney River on 15 Feb 1771. Allen brought his family with him, and a son born to his wife Lydia in 1772 was the first white child born in Poultney. Ashley built a shanty and planted corn before bringing his family to Poultney--he returned with his family in the fall of 1771. six of Ashley’s brothers followed him to Poultney during the next two years, and several members of the Richards family were also early settlers. [Smith, Henry P. & Rann, William S., "The History of Rutland County, Vermont", Syracuse: D. Mason & Co., 1886]

The town grew slowly at first because of the unresolved conflict between New York and New Hampshire over land ownership in Vermont. The Great List of Freemen in Poultney in 1781 contains the names of only 88 males. [Joslin, Joseph, "A History of the Town of Poultney, Vermont, from Its Settlement to the Year 1875", Poultney: Journal & Printing Office, 1875, p. 41] Most of the early settlers of the town came from Connecticut and Massachusetts.

All the males in Poultney were supporters of the American Revolution (with one exception) and most served in the army at various times during the Revolutionary War. In 1777 Poultney was threatened with invasion by the British, and the men of Poultney left their homes to answer the call to arms. The women and children of Poultney fled the town on 8 Jul 1777 in the face of Gen. John Burgoyne’s army which was advancing from the north. Most families returned to their former Massachusetts and Connecticut homes during this period of unrest. After Burgoyne’s defeat, the villagers returned to Poultney during spring of the following year. [Joslin, Joseph, "A History of the Town of Poultney, Vermont, from Its Settlement to the Year 1875", Poultney: Journal & Printing Office, 1875, p. 34]

Maj. Ebenezer Allen left Poultney in March 1783 for South Hero, Vermont where he once again was the first settler in a primitive wilderness. [Hemenway, Abbey, "The Vermont Historical Gazetteer", Burlington: The Author, 1871, vol. II, p. 563] Thomas Ashley remained in the house he built in Poultney until his death in 1810. He was a Justice of the Peace and a representative to the Vermont General Assembly six times between 1787 and 1801. [Ashley, Robert E., "Ashley's of America Quarterly", vol. III, no. 1, (Oct 1972), p. 29]

A grist mill was built in 1777 and the village grew up around this mill. There are many buildings of historic interest in East Poultney. Among these are The Eagle Tavern dating to 1780, the Federal style Baptist Church built in 1805 by master builder Elisha Scott, and the 1823 Horace Greeley House. [http://www.poultneyvt.com/visitor-information/historic-poultney/the-beginning-in-east-poultney/ The Beginning in East Poultney] ]

East Poultney was the original home of Heman Allen, brother and Ebenezer Allen, cousin of Revolutionary War hero, Ethan Allen. Horace Greeley, founder of The New York Tribune and George Jones, co-founder of The New York Times, both lived in East Poultney in the late 1820s. Greeley served an apprenticeship at the Northern Spectator newspaper owned by Amos Bliss from 1826 to 1830. The green and nearby streets look very similar to the way they were in the 1800s.

The East Poultney Historic District and the Poultney Village Historic District are both listed in the National Register of Historic Places, with many historical buildings. Among these are the Union Academy dating to 1791, The Melodeon Factory built in 1840 and the 1896 Victorian school house.

Poultney shares Lake St. Catherine (about 800 acres) with the town of Wells. Poultney is the center of the world's rare slate belt, where slate roofing, tiles, and building blocks are mined and milled.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.8 square miles (116.0 km²), of which, 43.9 square miles (113.8 km²) of it is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km²) of it (1.94%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 3,633 people, 1,287 households, and 845 families residing in the town. The population density was 82.7 people per square mile (31.9/km²). There were 1,673 housing units at an average density of 38.1/sq mi (14.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.16% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 1,287 households out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 17.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,711, and the median income for a family was $40,556. Males had a median income of $31,148 versus $25,303 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,963. About 6.3% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

*Heman Allen (1779-1852), United States Congressman from Vermont"Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896" Marquis Who's Who New Providence, NJ 1967 ISBN 0-8379-0236-3]
*Horace Greeley (1811–1872), newspaper editor, reformer and politician.
*George Jones (1811 – 1891), cofounder of the New York Times.
*William Miller (1782-1849), Baptist preacher and leader of the millennialist movement that predicted that Jesus Christ would return in 1844
*Oliver Cowdery (1806–1850), early leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and associate of Joseph Smith, Jr.

References

External links

* [http://poultneyvt.com Poultney Chamber of Commerce]
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