Endostyle

Endostyle

An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, "et al." question whether the "endostyle" in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates.

Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water.

References

*Marine, David. 1913. The Metamorphosis of the Endostyle (Thyroid Gland) of "Ammocoetes branchialis" (Larval Land-Locked "Petromyzon marinus" (Jordan) or "Petromyzon dorsatus" (Wilder), "The Journal of Experimental Medicine", 17:379-395. [http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/379] - URL retrieved December 1 2005
*Ogasawara, M. and Satoh, N. 1998. Isolation and Characterization of Endostyle-Specific Genes in the Ascidian "Ciona intestinalis", "The Biological Bulletin", 195:60-69. [http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/195/1/60] - URL retrieved December 1 2005
*Dumont, J. E., Corvilain, B., and Maenhaut, C. 2002. Chapter 1: The Phylogeny, Ontogeny, Anatomy, and Metabolic Regulation of the Thyroid, "Thyroid Disease Manager". [http://www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter1/1-text.htm] - URL retrieved December 1 2005


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  • Endostyle — En do*style, n. [Endo + Gr. ? a pillar.] (Zo[ o]l.) A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See {Tunicata}. [1913 Webster] || …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • endostyle — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary end + Greek stylos pillar more at steer Date: 1854 a pair of parallel longitudinal folds projecting into the pharyngeal cavity in lower chordates (as the tunicates) that secrete mucus for… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • endostyle — a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles in Amphioxi and the ammocoete stage of Petromyzontiformes. In the latter it changes during development into the thyroid gland. Also… …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • endostyle — n. [Gr. endon, within; stylos, pillar] (MOLLUSCA) A special gland on the ctenidial axis, that produces mucus used for transport of particles to the mouth …   Dictionary of invertebrate zoology

  • endostyle — /en deuh stuyl /, n. Anat. a ciliated groove or pair of grooves in the pharynx of various lower chordates, as tunicates, cephalochordates, and larval cyclostomes, serving to accumulate food particles and pass them along the digestive tract. [1850 …   Universalium

  • endostyle — en·do·style …   English syllables

  • endostyle — …   Useful english dictionary

  • endocrine system — Group of ductless glands that secrete hormones necessary for normal growth and development, reproduction, and homeostasis. The major endocrine glands are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenals, parathyroids, ovaries …   Universalium

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  • chordate — /kawr dayt/, Zool. adj. 1. belonging or pertaining to the phylum Chordata, comprising the true vertebrates and those animals having a notochord, as the lancelets and tunicates. n. 2. a chordate animal. [1885 90; see CHORDATA] * * * Any member of… …   Universalium

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