Battle of Hatcher's Run

Warbox
conflict=Battle of Hatcher's Run
colour_scheme=background:#ffcccc


caption=
partof=the American Civil War
date=February 5 – February 7, 1865
place=south and west of Petersburg
result=Union victory
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1863 United States (Union)
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 CSA (Confederacy)
commander1=Andrew A. Humphreys
Gouverneur K. Warren
commander2=John B. Gordon
strength1=34,517
strength2=13,835
casualties1=2,700 total
casualties2=2,700 total|Campaignbox Richmond-Petersburg Campaign

The Battle of Hatcher's Run (February 5 – February 7, 1865) (also known as Dabney's Mill, Armstrong's Mill, Rowanty Creek, and Vaughn Road) was one in a series of Union offensives during the Siege of Petersburg, aimed at cutting off Confederate supply traffic on Boydton Plank Road and Weldon Railroad west of Petersburg, Virginia.

The Union plan was to send Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's cavalry out to the Boydton Plank Road to destroy as many Confederate supply wagons as they could find while the V Corps and II Corps provided support and kept the Confederates occupied to the north and east.

On February 5, Gregg's cavalry division rode west to Dinwiddie Court House and the Boydton Plank Road via the Malone Road two miles south of Ream's Station. The V Corps, under the command of Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, rode southwest towards Dinwiddie Courthouse via Rowanty Post Office/Billup's Post Office (Old Stage Road) one mile north of Ream's Station. The V Corps crossed Rowanty Creek at Monk's Neck Bridge and took up a blocking position on the Vaughan Road between Gravelly and Little Cattail Runs to protect Gregg's right flank and prevent interference with the operations. Two divisions of the II Corps under Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys moved from the Halifax Road down the Vaughn Road to Hatcher's Run and shifted west to Armstrong's Mill north of the Run to cover Warren’s right flank. Late in the day, Confederate Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon attacked the II Corps from the north and attempted to turn Humphreys' right flank near the mill, but was repulsed. During the night, the II Corps was reinforced by both the V Corps and Gregg's cavalry, which had returned to the Vaughan Road after finding little supply wagon traffic on the Boydton Plank Road. This extended the Union line south of Hatcher's Run.

On February 6, the V Corps lines were attacked by elements of Confederate Brig. Gen. John Pegram's Division. The Confederates were driven back, but a counterattack by Confederate Brig. Gen. Clement A. Evans stopped the Union advance. Later in the day Pegram's and Maj. Gen. William Mahone's divisions attacked the Union center near Dabney's Mill south of Hatcher's Run. The Union line collapsed under the attack, but reformed the the north of the mill, parallel to Hatcher's Run. Pegram was killed in the action.

On February 7, Warren launched an offensive and drove back the Confederates, recapturing most of the Union lines around Dabney's Mill that had been lost the day before.

Although the Union advance was stopped, the Federals extended their siegeworks to the Vaughan Road crossing of Hatcher's Run. The Confederates kept the Boydton Plank Road open, but were forced to extend their thinning lines.

References

* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va083.htm National Park Service battle summary]
* [http://www.nps.gov/archive/pete/mahan/eduhistbtlhrun.html Petersburg National Battlefield battle description]
* [http://www.civilwar.org/travelandevents/t_vs_hatchersrun.htm Civil War Preservation Trust]