Permanent teeth

Permanent teeth
Adult mouth showing full set of permanent teeth.
Latin	dentes permanentes
Code	TA A05.1.03.177

Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans. There are thirty-two permanent teeth, consisting of six maxillary and six mandibular molars, four maxillary and four mandibular premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular canines, four maxillary and four mandibular incisors.

The first permanent tooth usually appears in the mouth at around six years of age, and the mouth will then be in a transition period with both deciduous teeth and permanent teeth (mixed dentition) until the last deciduous tooth is lost. The first of the adult teeth to erupt are the permanent first molars that come through the gums at the back, right behind the last 'milk' molars. These first permanent molars are the most important teeth for the correct development of an adult dentition. Up to the age of thirteen years, twenty-eight of the thirty-two permanent teeth will appear.

The full permanent dentition is completed much later. The four last adult teeth, one at the back of every arch will appear between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one years. This is the reason they are named wisdom teeth.

In rare occurrences, a third set of teeth is possible. It's been reported to happen to very elderly humans and in even more rare cases of younger people who have had their permanent teeth removed.

In light of the very rare occurrence of multiple "sets" of teeth in humans, some new studies have proposed that the OSR2 gene could be responsible for this.

References

• Permanent dentition - Adult teeth chart Morphology and eruption time of permanent teeth.

• Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition.

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.