Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories

Infobox Settlement
name =Ulukhaktok
official_name =
other_name =formerly Holman
native_name =Ulukhaqtuuq
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settlement_type =Hamlet
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image_caption =Looking at Ulukhaktok from the bluffs that give the community its name.


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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = flag|Canada
subdivision_type1 = Territory
subdivision_name1 = Northwest Territories
subdivision_type2 = Region
subdivision_name2 = Inuvik Region
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established_title = Settled
established_date = 1937
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unit_pref = Imperial
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area_total_km2 =
area_land_km2 = 124.43
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area_land_sq_mi =48.04
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population_as_of =2006
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population_total =398
population_density_km2 =3.2
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timezone = MST
utc_offset = −7
timezone_DST =MDT
utc_offset_DST = −6
coor_type =
latd=70 |latm=44 |lats=11 |latNS=N
longd=117 |longm=46 |longs=05 |longEW=W
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footnotes = Ulukhaktok (traditional spelling Ulukhaqtuuq and known until 1 April, 2006 as Holman) is a small hamlet on the west coast of Victoria Island, in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The 2006 census indicated a population of 398. [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6107095&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Holman&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Canada 2006 Census] ] In the 2001 census the population was also 398 of which 375 were listed as Inuvialuit or Inuit. [ [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/AP01/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6107095&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Holman&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=61&B1=All&Custom=All Canada 2001 Census] ] Like other small traditional communities in the territories, hunting, trapping, and fishing are major sources of income, but printmaking has taken over as the primary source of income in recent years.

The two principal languages in Ulukhaktok are the Kangiryuarmiutun dialect of Inuinnaqtun, which is politically part of the Inuvialuktun group and English. The first people to settle in the area was Natkusiak and his family in 1937. Two years later the Hudson's Bay Company relocated from Walker Bay and a Roman Catholic mission was opened the same year.

The traditional name, "Ulukhaktok", means "the place where ulu parts are found", or "a large bluff where we used to collect raw material to make ulus". The large bluff that overlooks Ulukhaktok was the source that provided the slate and copper used to make ulus and give the community its name. Thus, the people who live there are called "Ulukhaktokmiut" ("people of"). Ulukhaktokmiut is a recent word as no people actually lived permanently in this area until the opening of the Hudson's Bay Company store, although people did visit the area to obtain the ulu materials and camp enroute to other nomadic seasonal camp areas.

Ulukhaktok is also the location of the the world's most northern golf course and hosts the "Billy Joss Open Celebrity Golf Tournament" every summer. Over the years they have managed to attract players from the Edmonton Oilers and the Edmonton Eskimos, as well as golfers from other countries. This tournament is growing and features excursions to traditional areas where Arctic char and Northern Lake trout are harvested for subsistence as well as limited commercial fishing and hunting.

The community was sometimes known as Holman Island. This, however, is the name of the small island outcrop to the east-southeast in the Amundsen Gulf.

Inuit traded with mainland groups as far east as King William Island and as far south as Great Bear Lake although most commerce occurred with the Inuvialuit and Copper Inuit populations indigenous to the Coppermine River watershed and Bernard Harbour seasonal areas on the mainland. The majority of Ulukhaktokmiut come from a varied background, with family ties extending mainly to the Coppermine River community of Kugluktuk, Nunavut and the communities of the Mackenzie River Delta and Beaufort Sea, though some families have relatives as far away as Gjoa Haven on King William Island, and along the north slope of Alaska as far as Port Clarence on the Seward Pininsula.

Some families are descendants of the Danish explorer-trader Christian Klengenberg. [ [http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/whaler/klenberg.htm Christian Klengenberg at the Kitikmeot Heritage Society] ] Others are descended from two members of the Vilhjalmur Stefansson led, Canadian Arctic Expedition. The first was Natkusiak, a friend of Stefansson, he was the primary guide and lead hunter of the expedition. Originally from Port Clarence, Alaska he was later known as Billy Banksland, this name came from his time trapping Arctic foxes on Banks Island, which was named "Banks Island" in 1820 by Sir William Parry in honour of Sir Joseph Banks. Banks Island. [ [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-1-90.pdf Natkusiak (ca. 1885- 1947)] ] Another member of the expedition with relatives in the area was the Alaskan Inupiat, Ikey Bolt from Point Hope. Married to Klengenberg's daughter Etna, they lived for several years at Rymer Point before moving to Minto Inlet and eventually to Coppermine (now Kugluktuk). [ [http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/whaler/ednaikey/etnaikey.htm Etna and Ikey Bolt at the Kitikmeot Heritage Society] ]

In recent years this Hamlet has seen both sides of the rush for mineral exploration and has regained an appreciation for its wild places and culturally sensitive areas where long-gone relatives once survived and lived with the ice and snow. Some private concerns have witnessed the zeal with which these locals defend their competing interests for the same tracts of land and resources. Other companies have learned to work with residents and this has produced some hope for mineral development around traditional lands and other cultural areas of these Inuvialuit and their fellow Inuit brethren. Arts and crafts are also another source of income with international recognition of local artisans. Occasionally some residents travel to such places as San Francisco, California or Melbourne, Australia, but more often to other regional centers across the north.

Ulukhaktok is home to the Holman Eskimo Co-op which was formed by the residents of the community with the help of a Roman Catholic priest, Father Henri Tardy. The Co-op was formed to provide income to the residents of the community by producing arts and crafts, and is famous for the production of prints. A famous artist who has produced prints for the Holman Eskimo Co-op is Mary Okheena. The Holman Eskimo Co-op now is involved in arts and crafts, retailing, the hotel business, cable television, operates a Canada Post outlet, and is the local Aklak Air agent.

See also

* Helen Kalvak, Inuit artist native to Ulukhaktok
* Ulukhaktok/Holman Airport
* Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories

References

* Richard G. Condon, Julia Ogina and the Holman Elders, "The Northern Copper Inuit" (ISBN 0-8020-0849-6)

External links

* [http://www.dot.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/Ulukhaktok_profile.aspx Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Ulukhaktok profile]
* [http://www.pwnhc.ca/programs/downloads/OfficialCommunityNames.pdf Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre - official names]
* [http://www.arcticco-op.com/acl-kitikmeot-holman.htm Holman Eskimo Co-op]