1991 Pacific typhoon season

Infobox hurricane season
Basin=WPac
Year=1991
Track=1991 Pacific typhoon season summary.jpg
First storm formed=March 5, 1991
Last storm dissipated=December 5, 1991
Strongest storm name=Yuri
Strongest storm pressure=885
Strongest storm winds=150
Total depressions=31
Total storms=29
Total hurricanes=20
Total intense=5
five seasons=1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993The 1991 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1991, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. [Gary Padgett. [http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/may03sum.txt May 2003 Tropical Cyclone Summary.] Retrieved 2006-08-26.] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1991 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

torms

31 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 29 became tropical storms. 20 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 5 reached super typhoon strength.

Tropical Storm Sharon (Auring)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac


Formed=March 5
Dissipated=March 14
1-min winds=60
Pressure=980

Typhoon Tim

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=March 21
Dissipated=March 25
1-min winds=70
Pressure=972

Tropical Storm Vanessa (Bebeng)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=April 23
Dissipated=April 28
1-min winds=45
Pressure=991

uper Typhoon Walt (Karing)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=May 6
Dissipated=May 16
1-min winds=140
Pressure=898

Typhoon Yunya (Diding)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Track=Yunya 1991 track.pngFormed=June 11
Dissipated=June 17
1-min winds=105
Pressure=938After a month without activity in the Western Pacific, a weak tropical depression (with winds of only 10 knots) developed just east of the Philippines and south of the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough on June 11. Located in an area of little wind shear, it headed northwestward, developing spiral-band outflow and becoming a tropical storm on the 12th. As a small central dense overcast (CDO) developed over Yunya, it rapidly developed, becoming a typhoon on the 13th as it paralleled the eastern Philippines. The mid-level ridge forced Yunya westward, where it briefly reached a peak intensity of 120 mph (195 km/h) winds on the 14th. Subsequently, the eastward building of the subtropical ridge produced unfavorable vertical wind shear that weakened Yunya to a minimal typhoon before hitting Dingalan Bay, Luzon early on the 15th. Yunya left Luzon as a minimal tropical storm at Lingayen Gulf. It turned northward due to a break in the ridge, and dissipated on the 17th near southern Taiwan due to the vertical shear.

Yunya would normally have been an uneventful cyclone, but on the day it hit Luzon, the colossal eruption of Mount Pinatubo took place. The ash cloud that normally would have been dispersed across the oceans was redistributed over Luzon by the cyclonic winds of the typhoon, greatly exacerbating the damage caused by the eruption. The water-laden ash fell over the evacuated Clark Air Base, as well as the rest of Luzon, resulting in downed power lines and the collapse of flat-roofed buildings. In some areas it was practically raining mud.

Yunya exited Luzon through the Lingayen Gulf as a weak tropical storm and then turned north toward a break in the subtropical ridge. The system continued to weaken due to the strong vertical wind shear. It then brushed the southern coast of Taiwan as a tropical depression and finally dissipated before it could complete full recurvature into the mid-latitude westerlies. Yunya directly caused one death from the flooding and heavy rainfall it left. [Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1991atcr/pdf/wnp/05w.pdf Typhoon Yunya.] Retrieved on 2006-01-10.]

Typhoon Zeke (Etang)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=July 9
Dissipated=July 14
1-min winds=80
Pressure=963

Typhoon Amy (Gening)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=July 15
Dissipated=July 20
1-min winds=125
Pressure=916

Typhoon Brendan (Helming)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=July 21
Dissipated=July 24
1-min winds=70
Pressure=972

Typhoon Caitlin

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=July 24
Dissipated=July 30
1-min winds=95
Pressure=949Typhoon Caitlin developed from a disturbance in the eastern Caroline Islands. A tropical depression formed on July 23th as the system moved towards the northwest. Tropical Storm Caitlin was named the on the 24th and was upgraded to a typhoon the next day. Typhoon Caitlin though several hundred miles away increased the monsoonal flow over the Philippines. Heavy rains caused landslides in the Mt. Pinatubo region killing 16 people. As Caitlin turned to the north the storm passed convert|60|mi|km to the west of Kadena AB,Okinawa at peak intensity of 110 mph.. The heavy rains from Caitlin helped to relieve the ongoing drought on the island, one death was reported. Typhoon Caitlin then began to accelerate northwards and passed through the Korea Strait before turning extratropical in the Sea of Japan. Heavy flooding in South Korea killed 2 people and caused $4 million in damage. [Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1991atcr/pdf/chapter3.pdf] Retrieved on 2007-12-26.]

Tropical Storm Doug

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 8
Dissipated=August 11
1-min winds=35
Pressure=997

Typhoon Ellie

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 10
Dissipated=August 19
1-min winds=85
Pressure=958

Typhoon Fred

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 11
Dissipated=August 18
1-min winds=95
Pressure=949Typhoon Fred organized from a monsoon trough situated to the east of the Central Philippines, a depression formed on the 11th of August. The depression moved across northern Luzon Island, upon entering the South China Sea the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Fred. Fred reached typhoon intensity on the 14th of August as the storm moved south of Hong Kong. Typhoon Fred reached peak intensity of convert|110|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on shortly before moving across Hainan Island. Fred then turned to the southwest across the Gulf of Tonkin and made a final landfall in northern Vietnam before dissipating. As Typhoon Fred moved south of Hong Kong the oil exploration vessel Derrick Barge sank with 195 people on board, 22 people onboard the ship were killed. On Hainan Island heavy flooding and landslides from Fred's rains killed 16 people. [Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1990atcr/pdf/chapter3.pdf] Retrieved on 2007-12-26.]

Tropical Depression 13W

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 11
Dissipated=August 15
1-min winds=25
Pressure=1004

Typhoon Gladys

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 10
Dissipated=August 19
1-min winds=65
Pressure=973Minimal typhoon Gladys brushed by southern Japan on August 22. It moved to the northwest, and hit the Korean Peninsula on the 23rd. It caused more than 20 million yen of damage in Japan, more than 270 million won of damage in South Korea, and in South Korea, it left 103 dead or missing and more than 20,000 homeless.

Tropical Depression 15W

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 21
Dissipated=August 30
1-min winds=30
Pressure=997

Tropical Storm Harry

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=August 10
Dissipated=August 19
1-min winds=40
Pressure=994

Typhoon Ivy

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=September 2
Dissipated=September 10
1-min winds=115
Pressure=927Typhoon Ivy formed from a broad monsoon trough situated near Kosrae in the eastern Caroline Islands. A tropical depression formed on the 2nd of September as the system moved towards the northwest, the next day the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ivy. Ivy began to rapidly intensify and reached typhoon strength as the storm passed convert|130|mi|km east of Tinian and Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. On Saipan one drowning death was reported, but only minor damage was reported in the Northern Marianas. Typhoon Ivy continued on a northwesterly path and reached peak strength of convert|130|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on on the 7th of September prior to recurving to the northeast. Ivy paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline and turned extratropical convert|600|mi|km to the east of Tokyo. As Typhoon Ivy made it's closest approach to Honshū Island, Tokyo and surrounding areas were buffeted by high winds and heavy rains. Over 200 landslides were reported and one person was killed with 4 others missing.Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1990atcr/pdf/chapter3.pdf] Retrieved on 2007-12-27.]

Tropical Storm Joel

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=September 3
Dissipated=September 7
1-min winds=55
Pressure=982

Typhoon Kinna

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=September 10
Dissipated=September 14
1-min winds=90
Pressure=954Typhoon Kinna formed in a monsoon trough in the western Caroline Islands a tropical depression began to organize on the 10th of September to the west of Guam, Tropical Storm Kinna was named later the same day. As Kinna moved towards the northwest the storm began to gather strength and reached typhoon intensity on the 12th of September just prior to turning north threatening Japan. On the 12th Typhoon Kinna made a direct landfall on southern Okinawa Island at peak strength of convert|105|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on. Kinna maintained peak intensity after recurving to the north-northeast and making landfall on Kyūshū Island. Typhoon Kinna's eyewall passed directly over Nagasaki and Sasebo cities on the 13th of September, both cities reported wind gusts of convert|115|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on. Kinna continued moving across Japan and became extratropical near the northern coast of Honshū Island. On Okinawa Kinna dropped more than convert|8|in|mm of rain, in Japan most of the damage occurred near Nagasaki. Throughout Japan and Okinawa 9 deaths were attributable to Typhoon Kinna's passage.

Tropical Storm Luke

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=September 14
Dissipated=September 19
1-min winds=50
Pressure=987Tropical Storm Luke formed from a disturbance that moved through the Northern Marianas and formed a depression on the 14th of September just to the west of the islands. The depression began to slowly intensify as it moved towards the west-northwest and Tropical Storm Luke was named on the 15th of September. Luke reached peak intensity of convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on prior to recurving to the northeast and weakening due to increased shear. Tropical Storm Luke then paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline, dropping heavy rains. The resulting flooding and landslides killed 8 people and left 10 others missing prior to Luke turning extratropical east of central Honshū Island.

uper Typhoon Mireille

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Track=Mireille 1991 track.pngFormed=September 15
Dissipated=September 27
1-min winds=130
Pressure=910On September 13, Tropical Depression 21W developed over the open Western Pacific. It tracked westward under the influence of the Subtropical Ridge, slowly organizing until becoming a tropical storm on the 15th. A small storm, Mireille rapidly became a typhoon on the 16th, but larger Tropical Storm Luke to its north and Typhoon Nat to its west kept Mireille a minimal typhoon. When the other 2 storms were far enough away, Mireille rapidly intensified, reaching Super Typhoon strength on the 22nd with a peak of convert|150|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on winds. The storm recurved to the northeast, where it slowly weakened until hitting southwestern Japan on the 27th as a convert|105|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on typhoon. Mireille continued to the northeast, and became extratropical later that day, after causing 52 casualties and heavy crop damage amounting to $3 billion (1991 USD). The name Mireille was retired after this season and was replaced by Melissa.

Typhoon Nat

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=September 16
Dissipated=October 2
1-min winds=110
Pressure=933

Typhoon Orchid

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=October 4
Dissipated=October 13
1-min winds=115
Pressure=927Typhoon Orchid formed from a broad monsoon trough that moved through the Northern Marianas and formed a depression on the 4th of October to the west of the islands. The depression moved on a westerly path and strengthened into Tropical Storm Orchid later the same day. Orchid then began to rapidly intensify and reach peak strength on convert|130|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on on the 7th of October prior to turning to the northeast and accelerating. Typhoon Orchid paralleled the southeast coast of Shikoku and Honshū Islands. As Orchid brushed the islands 96 landslides and heavy flooding were reported in and around the Tokyo region, one person was reported killed due to flooding. Though a great distance away the waves from Orchid and Typhoon Pat combined to produced tremendous waves resulting in the deaths of 2 people on Guam.

Typhoon Pat

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=October 5
Dissipated=October 13
1-min winds=125
Pressure=916

uper Typhoon Ruth

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=October 21
Dissipated=October 31
1-min winds=145
Pressure=892Super Typhoon Ruth formed from a tropical disturbance the originated between Chuuk and Pohnpei, as the disturbance moved on a westerly path a tropical depression formed on the 20th of October. Tropical Storm Ruth was named on the 21st as the storm moved to the southwest of Guam and began to steadily intensity. Ruth reached typhoon strength on the 22nd of October and became a Super Typhoon on the 24rd as the storm reached peak intensity of convert|165|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on. Super Typhoon Ruth began to slowly decline in strength as it neared the northern Philippines. Typhoon Ruth made landfall on the 27th of October on northern Luzon Island with winds of convert|115|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on before weakening to a tropical storm. Heavy flooding and numerous landslides were reported on Luzon Island as a result 12 people were killed. After departing Luzon Island Tropical Storm Ruth recurved south of Taiwan and dissipated. Heavy seas caused the freighter Tung Lung to sink west of Taiwan, all 18 aboard were killed.

uper Typhoon Seth

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac


Formed=November 1
Dissipated=November 14
1-min winds=130
Pressure=910

Tropical Storm Thelma (Uring)

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Track=Thelma 1991 track.pngFormed=November 1
Dissipated=November 8
1-min winds=40
Pressure=991convert|50|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on Tropical Storm Thelma hit the central Philippines on November 4. It slowly tracked across the Archipelago, bringing heavy flooding across the islands. Vertical shear weakened it as it continued westward, and it dissipated on November 8 just after hitting southern Vietnam. Thelma, though a weak storm, caused dam failures, landslides, and flash flooding, resulting in a horrendous death toll of 6,000 people.

Tropical Storm Verne

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=November 5
Dissipated=November 12
1-min winds=55
Pressure=984

Tropical Storm Wilda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=November 14
Dissipated=November 20
1-min winds=40
Pressure=991

uper Typhoon Yuri

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Track=Yuri 1991 track.pngFormed=November 14
Dissipated=November 20
1-min winds=155
Pressure=885Super Typhoon Yuri was the most powerful storm during the season, with winds reaching up to 150 knots (278 km/h), and a minimum recorded pressure of 885 mbar. This made Yuri the third most intense tropical cyclone on record at the end of 1991; it now ranks as the 11th most powerful. Yuri caused $3 million (1991 USD) in damage to Pohnpei, including the loss of a radio tower. In Guam, the storm caused extensive beach erosion and destroyed between 60 and 350 buildings. There, damage totaled to $33 million (1991 USD). [Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1991atcr/pdf/wnp/30w.pdf Super Typhoon Yuri.] Retrieved on 2007-05-18.]

Typhoon Zelda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=WPac

---

Formed=November 27
Dissipated=December 4
1-min winds=82.5
Pressure=963

torm names

Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1991 was named Sharon and the final one was named Zelda. The names Mireille and Thelma were retired after this season.

Philippines

The , with the exception of Karing, Helming and Sendang which replaced Katring, Herming and Sisang. The name Uring was retired after this year and was replaced by Ulding.

References

ee also

*1991 Pacific hurricane season
*1991 Atlantic hurricane season
*1991 North Indian cyclone season
*1991-92 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season

External links

* [http://www.typhoon2000.ph Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website] .
* [http://www.typhoon2000.ph/plotting/PhilippineTyphoonChart.gifPhilippine Area of Responsibility] .
* [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc.html Joint Typhoon Warning Center] .
* [http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/sound/tc_pronunciatione.htm Meaning of Tokyo Typhoon Centre names] .