- Nancy Hart
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Nancy Hart, as depicted in an 1896 book
Nancy Morgan Hart (c. 1735 – 1830) was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War whose exploits against Loyalists in the Georgia backcountry are the stuff of legend. Because stories about her are mostly unsupported by contemporary documentation, it is impossible to entirely distinguish fact from folklore.
Although explicit details concerning most of her life are unknown, it is widely assumed that Nancy Ann Morgan Hart was born in North Carolina, in the Yadkin River valley (although some believe that she was born in Pennsylvania), around 1735 (some say 1747). She died in 1830 in Henderson County, Kentucky, where she was buried. During the early 1770s, Hart and her family left North Carolina and made their way into Georgia, eventually settling in the fertile Broad River valley.[1] Hart was well connected through family ties to many prominent figures in early American history. She was a cousin to Revolutionary War general Daniel Morgan, who commanded victorious American forces at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina on January 17, 1781. Her husband, Benjamin Hart, came from a distinguished family that later produced such famous political figures as Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton and Kentucky senator Henry Clay.[1]
According to contemporary accounts, "Aunt Nancy," as she was often called, was a tall, gangly girl . She was rough-hewn and rawboned, with red hair and a smallpox-scarred face. One early account pointed out that Hart had "no share of beauty—a fact she herself would have readily acknowledged, had she ever enjoyed an opportunity of looking into a mirror".[1]
Hart's physical appearance was matched by a feisty personal demeanor characterized by a hotheaded temper, a fearless spirit, and a penchant for exacting vengeance upon those who offended her or harmed her family and friends. Local Indians soon began to refer to her as "Wahatche", which may have meant "war woman". She was also a domineering wife. Many remembered that she, rather than her husband, ran the Hart household, which eventually included six sons and two daughters. Although she was illiterate, Hart was amply blessed with the skills and knowledge necessary for frontier survival; she was an expert herbalist, a skilled hunter,and an excellent shot.[1]
Contents
Capturing British soldiers
According to the most famous STORY about her, during the Revolution a group of "Tory" soldiers (5 or 6) came by her house either looking for food or a Whig they were pursuing. The soldiers demanded that she cook them one of the turkeys in her yard before they left. She sent her daughter to the well for water and secretly instructed her to blow a conch shell to warn her husband and neighbors.
She agreed to feed the Tory soldiers. As they entered the cabin, they placed their guns by the door and sat down at her table to eat. As they were drinking and eating, she was pushing their guns through a hole in the wall WALL of her log cabin. After they had been drinking a sufficient time, she grabbed one of the remaining guns and threatened the men not to move. One ignored her threats, so she killed him. Another made a move toward the weapons and was also killed by Hart. The remaining Tories were held captive until her husband, Benjamin Hart, and neighbors arrived. According to legend, her husband wanted to shoot the soldiers, but she demanded that they were hanged. They were hanged on a nearby tree.
There exist various versions of this story, all of which agree in general, but provide different details. McIntosh quotes two such stories.[2] Cook provides another version from an 1825 newspaper.[3]
Construction crews working on the Elberton and Eastern Railroad in the area in 1912 seemed to have validated this story..[4][5] While grading a railroad site less than a mile from the old Hart Cabin, the workers found five or six skeletons buried neatly in a row. They were estimated to have been buried for at least a century.
Other stories about Nancy Hart
She killed one of the soldiers. Mrs. Louisa H. Kendall, whose uncle was John Hart, son of Nancy Hart, wrote a letter in 1872 recalling some of the stories her mother had heard from Nancy Hart.[6] According to this letter, once when she was taking a bag of grain to the mill, a band of Tories forced her off her horse and threw the grain on the ground. Undaunted, the muscular, six-foot Nancy picked up the heavy bag and walked the rest of the way to the mill. The letter also tells about Nancy acting as an unofficial Revolutionary War sniper, killing Tories as they came across the river.
McIntosh also quotes a Mr. Snead, who was related to the Harts, about a time when Nancy was cooking lye soap in her cabin when she discovered a spy looking in through the cracks in the wood chimney. She splashed the boiling soap into his eyes, then went outside and tied him up.[7]
There are two stories about Nancy dressing as a man (and perhaps acting “crazy”), entering Tory camps and gaining information of military value.[8]
Gilmer tells a story about Nancy becoming “religious” after the War. “A Methodist society was formed in her neighborhood. She went to the house of worship in search of relief. She found the good people assembled in class meeting, and the door closed against intruders. She took out her knife, cut the fastening and stalked in. She heard how the wicked might work out their salvation; became a shouting Christian, fought the devil as manfully as she fought the Tories . . .”[9]
According to folklore, the local Indians called her "Wahatche" which could have meant "War Woman" and named a creek for her. However, Mooney disputes this, nothing that there are records of the creek’s name as early as 1775, and “Several cases of women acting the part of warriors are on record among the Cherokee.”[10]
Life after the war
The Harts continued to live in the Broad River settlement for several years after the Revolution. In 1790 the area was cut from Wilkes County and incorporated into a new county, called Elbert. By then Nancy Hart had found religion through a new Methodist society that had formed in her neighborhood. According to former Georgia governor George R. Gilmer, whose mother knew Hart, the indomitable woman "went to the house of worship in search of relief. She . . became a shouting Christian, [and] fought the Devil as manfully as she had [once] fought the Tories."[1]
During the late 1780's, the Harts moved to Brunswick. (Some accounts suggest that they may have spent time in Alabama and South Carolina as well). Benjamin Hart died shortly thereafter. Nancy Hart then moved back to the Broad River settlement, only to find that a flood had washed away the cabin. Eventually she settled with her son, John, along the Oconee River in Clarke County near Athens. Around 1803 John Hart took his mother and family to Henderson County, Kentucky, to live near relatives. Hart spent the remaining years of her life there. She was buried in the Hart family cemetery a few miles outside of Henderson.[1]
Legacy
On the approximate site of Hart's frontier cabin along River Road in Elbert County, the Daughters of the American Revolution erected a replica cabin, using chimney stones from the original cabin, which had stood on the crest of a large hill overlooking Wahatche Creek.[1]
Georgians have memorialized Nancy Hart in a number of ways. Hart County, Elbert County's neighbor to the north, was named for her, as was its county seat, Hartwell. In the same general area, Lake Hartwell and the Nancy Hart Highway (Georgia Route 77) commemorate the legendary woman. During the Civil War (1861-65), a group of women in LaGrange founded a militia company named the Nancy Harts to defend the town from the Union army. In 1997 Hart was inducted into Georgia Women of Achievement.[1]
Various things in Georgia named after Nancy Hart include:
- The Nancy Harts - a militia of women from LaGrange, Georgia during the time of the Civil War[11][12]
- Hart County - the only one of Georgia's 159 counties that is named after a woman
- Hartwell, Georgia - the county seat of Hart County
- Nancy Creek - located in north Atlanta
- Warwoman Creek and Warwoman Rapids, both watershed on Section III of the Chattooga River.
- Nancy Hart Highway - located in Hart County.[14]
- The Milledgeville, Georgia chapter of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR).[15]
Nancy Hart is also confused with Nancy Hart Douglas of Civil War Fame.
External links
- Georgia Encyclopedia Nancy Hart entry
- Nancy Morgan Hart
- Another Nancy Hart Bio site
- Hart County History
- Army Corps of Engineers Nancy Hart info
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Clay Ouzts. "Nancy Hart (ca. 1735-1830)" (last updated January 29, 2010). New Georgia Encyclopedia. This article incorporates text from this source, which is released under a Creative Commons license (see talk page for details. All derived works must credit the NGE and the original author.
- ^ McIntosh, John H. The Official History of Elbert County, 1790-1935 (Supplement 1935-39 by Stephen Heard Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, organized 1901, Elberton, Georgia). Edited and published by Stephen Heard Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1940, pp. 17-22.
- ^ Cook, Anna Maria Green. History of Baldwin County Georgia. Anderson, S.C.: Keys-Hearn Printing Co., 1925, pp. 165-66.
- ^ "Skeletons of Six Tories Hanged Near Elberton, Found," The Atlanta Constitution, December 23, 1912, p. 3.
- ^ Skeletons of Tories Killed by Nancy Hart Unearthed Tuesday, Lavonia Times and Gauge 3 Jan 1913
- ^ Cook, op.cit., pp. 159-60
- ^ McIntosh, op. cit., p. 17
- ^ Mcintosh, op.cit., pp. 21-22
- ^ Gilmer, George R. Sketches of Some of the First Settlers of Upper Georgia, of the Cherokees, and the Author. New York 1855, 1926, p.90. (Reprinted 1965 by Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, and 1989 by Heritage Papers, Danielsville, Georgia. Much of what Gilmer wrote is quoted with attribution to H. B. Mitchell in Cook, op.cit., pp. 160-162.)
- ^ Mooney, James. Myths of the Cherokee. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1995, a reproduction of Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1897-98: in Two Parts—Part I. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900, p. 419.
- ^ Troup County Historical Society Archives
- ^ Georgia Historical Marker for the "Nancy Harts"
- ^ a b Army Corps of Engineers History of Hartwell Dam and Lake Hartwell
- ^ Nancy Hart Highway
- ^ Milledgeville, Georgia Chapter of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution
Categories:- Year of birth uncertain
- 1830 deaths
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