- 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid
Chembox new
ImageFile = IBXAcid.png
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ImageFileL1 = 2-iodoxybenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png
ImageFileR1 = 2-iodoxybenzoic-acid-3D-vdW.png
IUPACName =
OtherNames = IBX
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 61717-82-6
PubChem =
SMILES =
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = C7H5IO4
MolarMass = 280.02 g/mol
Appearance =
Density =
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Section7 = Chembox Hazards
MainHazards =
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RPhrases = R22 R34 R44IBX acid or 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid is an
organic compound used inorganic synthesis as anoxidizing agent . ThisPeriodinane is especially suited to oxidizealcohol s toaldehyde s. The IBX acid is prepared from 2-iodobenzoic acid,potassium bromate andsulfuric acid . [cite journal | title = Dess-Martin periodinane: 1,1,1-Triacetoxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1"H")-one [1,2-Benziodoxol-3(1"H")-one, 1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-] | author = Robert K. Boeckman, Jr., Pengcheng Shao, and Joseph J. Mullins | journal =Organic Syntheses | volume = 77 | pages = 141 | date = 2000 | url = http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=v77p0141 "(also in the [http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/v77p0141.pdf Collective Volume (2004) 10:696] (PDF))."] Frigerio and co-workers have also demonstrated, in1999 that potassium bromate may be replaced by commercially availableOxone . One of the main drawbacks of IBX is its limited solubility; IBX is insoluble in many common organic solvents. In the past, it was believed that IBX was shock sensitive, but it was later determined that samples of IBX were shock sensitive due to the residual potassium bromate left from its preparation.Fact|date=February 2007 Commercial IBX is stabilized bycarboxylic acid s such asbenzoic acid andisophthalic acid .Reaction mechanism
right|frame|Hypervalent_twisting_mechanism|The_hypervalent twisting mechanism during conversion ofmethanol toformaldehyde : a) ligand exchange reaction (activation energy 9.1 kcal/mol (38 kJ/mol), b) hypervalent twist 12.1 kcal/mol (51 kJ/mol), c) elimination 4.7 kcal/mol (20 kJ/mol)). There is steric repulsion between protons in red.] Thereaction mechanism for an oxidation of analcohol to analdehyde according the so-called hypervalent twisting mechanism [cite journal | title = Enhancing 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid Reactivity by Exploiting a Hypervalent Twist | author = Julius T. Su and William A. Goddard III | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | date = 2005 | volume = 127 | issue = 41 | pages = 14146–14147 | doi = 10.1021/ja054446x | url = http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jacsat/2005/127/i41/abs/ja054446x.html | format = abstract ] involves aligand exchange reaction replacing the hydroxyl group by the alcohol followed by a twist and aelimination reaction . The twist is a requirement because the iodine to oxygendouble bond is oriented out of plane with thealkoxy group and the concerted elimination would not be able to take place. This twist reaction is a rearrangement in which the oxygen atom is moved into a proper plane for a 5 membered cyclictransition state in the elimination reaction and is calculated byComputational chemistry to be therate-determining step in the oxidation. The twist mechanism also explains why oxidation is faster for larger alcohols than for small alcohols. The twist is driven forward by thesteric hindrance that exists between the ortho hydrogen atom and the protons from thealkoxy group and larger alkoxy groups create larger steric repulsion. The same computation predicts a much faster reacting IBX derivative with a 100 foldreaction rate when this ortho hydrogen atom is replaced by amethyl group thus facilitating the twist until the elimination reaction takes prevalence as the rate determining step.IBX exists as two
tautomer s one of which is thecarboxylic acid . Theacidity of IBX which has been determined in water (pKa 2.4) and DMSO (pKa 6.65)cite journal | title = o-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX): pKa and Proton-Affinity Analysis | author = Michael J. Gallen, Régis Goumont, Timothy Clark, François Terrier, Craig M. Williams | journal =Angewandte Chemie International Edition | volume = 45 | issue = 18 | pages = 2929–2934 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200504156] is known to affect organic reactions, for instance acid-catalyzedisomerization accompanying oxidations.cope
IBX is also available as
silica gel orpolystyrene bound IBX. In many application IBX acid is replaced byDess-Martin periodinane which is more soluble in common organic solvents. A sample reaction is a IBX oxidation used in thetotal synthesis ofeicosanoid : [cite journal | title = Asymmetric total synthesis of eicosanoid | author = Debendra K. Mohapatra and Gorakhanath S. Yellol | journal =Arkivoc | url = http://www.arkat-usa.org/home.aspx?VIEW=MANUSCRIPT&MSID=1210 | volume = 2005 | issue = iii ][
alcohol toaldehyde key data: a) IBX, DMSO,THF , 4h, 94%chemical yield (Mohapatra, 2005)] .In 2001, K.C. Nicolaou and co-workers published a series of papers in the
Journal of the American Chemical Society demonstrating, among other transformations, the use of IBX to oxidize benzylic carbons to conjugated aromatic carbonyl compounds.Oxidative cleavage
The use of IBX in combination with
dimethyl sulfoxide was demonstrated inoxidative cleavage ofvicinal diol s toketone s: [cite journal |title=Oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols: IBX can do what Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) can't |journal=Org. Biomol. Chem. |year=2007 |volume=5 |pages=767–771 |doi=10.1039/b618135j |author=Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy, Nidhi Singhal and Kalyan Senapati]:
The reaction mechanism for this
glycol cleavage is based on initial formation of an adduct between 10-I-4 IBX and DMSO to an 12-I-5 intermediate 3 in which DMSO acts as aleaving group for incomingalcohol 4 to intermediate 5. One equivalent of water is split off forming 12-I-5 spirobicyclic periodinane 6 setting the stage for fragmentation to 7. With hydroxyl alpha protons presents oxidation to theacyloin competes.Trifluoroacetic acid is found to facilitate the overall reaction.:
References
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