Massimo

For other uses, see Massimo (disambiguation).

Massimo is the name of a Roman princely family of great age; which by its own tradition descends from the ancient Maximi of republican Rome and from Quintus Fabius Maximus (c. 275 BC – 203 BC), called Cunctator (the Delayer). When asked by Napoleon (with whom he was negotiating the Treaty of Tolentino) whether the family descended from Fabius Maximus, the then Prince Massimo famously replied "I do not know that it is true, but it has been a tradition in the family for some thirteen or fourteen hundred years."^[1]. The family genealogical tree starts with a Leone Massimo in the 11th century, but clear records do not begin until the 15th century.^[2] The family is generally recognised as one of the oldest noble families in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Quintus Fabius Maximus

Fabius was a Roman politician and soldier, born in Rome around 275 BC. He was consul five times (233 BC, 228 BC, 215 BC, 214 BC and 208 BC) and was twice dictator, 221–219 BC, and 217 BC. His nickname Cunctator means "delayer" in Latin, and refers to his tactics in deploying the troops during the Second Punic War where he defeated Hannibal. Descended from an ancient patrician family, the Fabii, he was a grandson of Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges and a great-grandson of Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus, both famous consuls. According to Plutarch, the first of the Fabii was born from the liaison of Hercules with a nymph, rendering the family's origins semi-divine.^[3]

Massimo family

The Massimo family claims to have provided two Popes to the Catholic Church, both saints - Pope Anastasius I (died 401), who denounced the Origenist heresy, and Pope Paschal I (died 824), who was involved in one of the earliest attempts to Christianise Scandinavia.

The family's more reliable history begins in 1012 in the person of Leo de Maximis. Thereafter the family grew in influence among the Roman barons, and played a considerable part in the history of the city in the Middle Ages, producing numerous Cardinals, ambassadors, and civil and military leaders. The family were significant patrons of the arts, with the brothers Pietro and Francesco Massimo acquiring fame by protecting and encouraging the German printers Sweynheim and Pannartz, who came to Rome in 1467, where the first printed books in Italy were produced in the Massimo Palace^[4]. In the 17th century Cardinal Camillo II Massimo was famous as the patron of both Velasquez and Poussin.^[5]

In the 16th century the Massimo were the richest of the Roman nobles. A marquisate was conferred on them in 1544, and the lordship of Arsoli in 1574, and the Papal Princely title thereafter.

The Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne in Rome was built by the celebrated Sienese architect Baldassare Peruzzi by order of Pietro Massimo, on the ruins of an earlier palace destroyed in the sack of Rome in 1527. The curved façade is built on and dictated by the foundations of the stands for the stadium odeon of the emperor Domitian. The interior ceilings and vestibules are elaborately ornamented with rosettes and coffered roofs. The entrance ceiling is decorated with a fresco by Daniele da Volterra, who represented "Life of Fabius Maximus". The chapel on the 2nd floor was a room where the 14 year old Paolo Massimo, son of Prince Fabrizio Massimo, was recalled briefly to life by Saint Philip Neri on March 16, 1583. The interior of the palace is open to public only on that day each year when the family receive the Cardinals and other high officials to honor the event. Other notable events in the palace of the 16th century including various intra-familial murders. The palace is considered one of the most important early Renaissance mannerist masterpieces and remains the principal residence of the family, along with the Massimo Castle at Arsoli.

Many of the Massimo princesses who married into the family were from the most important Royal families of Europe. These included HRH Princess Cristina of Saxony, who married Prince Camillo Massimiliano in 1796; HRH Princess Maria-Gabriella of Savoy, who married Prince Camillo Vittorio in 1827; HRH Princess Beatrice of Borbon, daughter of HRH Don Carlos, Duke of Madrid, the pretender to the Spanish throne who married Prince Fabrizio in 1897; and HRH Princess Maria-Adelaide of Savoy-Genoa, daughter of the Duke of Genoa and niece of King Victor Emmanuel III^[6], who married Prince Leone in 1935.

The family all bear the Princely title (see original Almanach de Gotha, 1922 edition linked below) ^[7]. The Princely family is represented by Prince Fabrizio Massimo-Brancaccio, Prince of Arsoli and Prince of Triggiano (b. 1963), whose heir Prince Fabrizio has requested not be cited, and Prince Stefano Massimo, Prince of Roccasecca dei Volsci (b. 1955), whose heir is Prince Valerio Massimo (b. 1973) ^[8]. On the 21 May 2009 Prince Valerio reached the summit of Mount Everest.^[9].

Sources

• Almanach de Gotha (original copy). Germany. 1905 (p394, p395), 1910 (p385, p385) and 1922 (p385, p386) - the 1922 original copy is linked online below (reference 7) as a example. 
• Paul Theroff's Online Gotha. 
• Rendina, Claudio (2004). Le grandi famiglie di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton. 

References

1. ^ Story of Prince Massimo's famous quip to Napoleon regarding Fabius Maximus
2. ^ “Rome, its princes, priests and people:”, David Silvagni,: London, 1885, pg. 74 [1]
3. ^ Translation of Plutarch's Life of Fabius Maximus, with reference to descent of Fabii from Hercules and a Nymph
4. ^ Reference to first books printed in Rome, in the Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
5. ^ Brief history of Cardinal Camillo Massimo (also called Massimi) and portrait by Velasquez
6. ^ Genealogy of House of Savoy, citing Princess Maria-Adelaide of Savoy as an HRH
7. ^ Link to the original copy of the 1922 Almanach de Gotha, where all members of the family are referred to as "Pr." (Prince) and "Pssa" (Princess), citing "Principe Romain pour tout les descendants 27 Juin 1826" ("Roman Prince for all descendants 27 June 1826"). This is the only genuine, reliable reference source since the abolishment of the monarchy in Italy in 1946
8. ^ Theroff's Gotha, with references to current, legitimate members of the princely family
9. ^ Valerio Massimo Everest Expedition 2009