Eugene Nickerson

Eugene Nickerson (August 2, 1918 in Orange, New Jersey – January 1, 2002 in New York City) was the Democratic county executive of Nassau County, New York from 1962 until 1970. Nickerson was the only Democrat to be elected county executive in Nassau County until 2001. Eugene H. Nickerson was the first Democrat to serve as Nassau County executive and later the Federal District Court judge who presided over cases including the Pentagon’s “Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy on homosexuality, and the notorious Abner Louima police brutality case in New York.

A descendant of President John Quincy Adams, entered public life as a patrician liberal politician, but later developed a reputation as a steely, independent-minded judge with little patience for lawyers' antics.

In 24 years on the federal bench at the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in Brooklyn, Judge Nickerson presided over a 1987 trial in which John Gotti, head of the Gambino Mafia family, was acquitted. In 1986 he dismissed claims by another Mafiaso, Vincent Gigante, that he was not mentally competent – a ruling that led eventually to Mr. Gigante’s conviction. In a 1983 ruling he abandoned Supreme Court precedent and barred prosecutors from using their peremptory challenges to oust jurors solely on the basis of race. His reasoning ultimately helped persuade the Supreme Court to stop allowing jurors to be removed on the basis of race.

In 1990, he castigated New York public school officials when he learned that they had dragged their feet for years in establishing an adequate education program for the city's 116,000 handicapped schoolchildren. In a hotly contested case, in 1995 he struck down the Pentagon's "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Calling the policy a violation of free speech, Judge Nickerson wrote, "Hitler taught the world what could happen when the government began to target people not for what they had done but because of their status." A year later, a three-judge federal appeals panel in New York sent the case back to him, directing him to assess the constitutionality of the Pentagon's ban on homosexual activity.

In 1997, he again struck down the Pentagon's policy, but this time on the ground of equal protection. Rejecting the military's argument that prohibiting homosexual conduct was needed to maintain "unit cohesion," he wrote, "It is hard to imagine why the mere holding of hands off base and in private is dangerous to the mission of the armed forces if done by a homosexual but not if done by a heterosexual." Showing his civil libertarian bent, he added, "It is not within our constitutional tradition for our government to designate members of one societal group as pariahs." But the following year a three-judge appeals court overruled Judge Nickerson and upheld the military's ban on homosexual activity and "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Saying that "courts are ill suited to second-guess military judgments," the appellate panel ruled that the Pentagon's policy did not violate constitutional rights because of the special circumstances of the military.

President Jimmy Carter nominated Judge Nickerson to the federal bench in Brooklyn in 1977. According to legal scholars, he showed law-and-order sternness when handling criminal cases while often exhibiting a liberal impulse in civil cases.

Judge Nickerson came from patrician Yankee stock, and was a descendant both of the Nickerson family of Cape Cod and of President John Quincy Adams. At St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts, he was quarterback of the football team and captain of the hockey team. But shortly before he entered Harvard College in 1937, Mr. Nickerson was stricken by polio, seemingly ending what had started out to be a promising athletic career. For two years, he was forced to wear his right arm in a brace held out from his body. While at Harvard, Mr. Nickerson showed unusual perseverance by teaching himself to play squash with his left hand. Ultimately he was named the squash team's captain and its ranking player. Harvard's athletic director, William Bingham, wrote to another Harvard graduate, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, about the courage of this young squash player. Soon Mr. Nickerson received a letter from the president in which Roosevelt discussed the disabilities they both shared. Mr. Nickerson kept that letter for the rest of his life. In 1943 he graduated from Columbia University Law School, where he was an editor of the law review.

He worked for Wall Street law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hope, Hadley & McCloy, then Hale, Stimson, Russell & Nickerson. Entering politics, he became the first Democrat to win a countywide seat in Nassau since 1912, when regular Republicans and the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party split the Republican vote. In his three three-year terms as county executive, Judge Nickerson took a more liberal approach than his Republican predecessors, often working to expand social services for the needy in what was then one of the nation's fastest-growing counties. He was an early advocate of environmental protection, expanded Nassau County's park system, recruited college graduates for the police force, and favored progressive zoning regulations to open up housing opportunities to minorities and the poor.

He later described his years in the post as reorienting "government to concern itself with human beings and their problems." Pressed by Robert F. Kennedy, who recognized Mr. Nickerson's considerable political talents, he ran for the United States Senate in 1968 but lost in the Democratic primary.

The patrician Mr. Nickerson was occasionally seen as an unusual member of the Democratic Party. Referring to the man who was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1952 and 1956, Mr. Nickerson once explained, "Adlai Stevenson turned me into a Democrat. I was active in his first campaign, and I stayed active. He brought in other people like myself who had intense interests about government, of ideals and principles."

References

* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E3DD1030F930A35752C0A9649C8B63 New York Times Obituary]
* [http://www.varsityclub.harvard.edu/Newsviews/Volume44/Issuenine/44nickersonnine.html Harvard University memorial page]