Old age and driving

Driving can be an issue in old age. While many senior citizens are safe drivers, and in fact can be among the safest drivers on the road, statistics show that a driver older than age 75 is just as likely as a teenager to be involved in an automobile accident.^[1] According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a senior citizen is more likely than a younger driver to be at fault in an accident in which they are involved. ^[2] The most common violations include failure to obey traffic signals, unsafe turns and passing, and failure to yield the right of way. ^[3]

Often, family members of an elderly person, such as one's children, are faced with the responsibility of trying to get them to give up driving. This can be challenging because few senior citizens are voluntarily willing to give up their own car keys.^[4] The law in most places allows senior citizens to keep on driving provided they meet the same requirements as younger adults. Some places require persons above a specified age to take certain tests when renewing their licenses, up to and including a road test, or to receive a physician's certificate stating they are medically fit to operate a motor vehicle.

Some senior citizens may continue to be permitted to drive, but with limitations, such as the amount of driving they can do, the hours in which they can drive, or the distance from home they can travel. These restrictions may be placed either by the law or their insurance provider.

Also at issue is determining exactly what age is considered too old to drive. As the process of aging varies from one person to the next, the age at which an elderly person's ability to safely operate a motor vehicle declines varies between persons. This creates controversy in regulating driving in the elderly.

According to some, senior citizens are seen among the safest drivers on the road, as they generally do not speed or take risks, and they are more likely to wear seatbelts^[5].

Reasons

There are various reasons why the ability older people to drive safely may be diminished. These may include single problems or a combination thereof:

Senses

In some elderly people, senses vital to safe driving, such as vision and hearing, decrease to the point that driving safety is compromised. Those whose vision is impaired may continue to be able to drive safely during daylight, but may have difficulty driving at night. In some persons, corrective lenses may improve the ability of the individual to safely operate a motor vehicle.

Physical abilities

Others have decreased physical abilities, such as gross and fine motor skills and reflexes, thereby rendering the driver physically unable to perform at a safe level.^[6][7] These partly explain why an elderly motorist may drive more slowly.^[8]

Those whose physical abilities have declined may have difficulty operating the steering or pedals of a vehicle as needed, and therefore may not be able to maneuver the vehicle safely.

Cognition

Reduced cognition from mental conditions associated with old age, such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and dementia can also impair driving.

Signs of impairment

The following are considered sign that an elderly person's driving may be impaired^[9]:

• Confusion while driving somewhere
• Having two or more minor accidents in a short period of time
• Thinking the speed limit is too high
• Others not feeling comfortable riding in a vehicle with the driver

Aging individuals should consider the following questions ^[10]:

• When you are driving, do objects such as parked cars or pedestrians catch you by surprise?
• Do you have difficulty seeing other cars before the driver honks? Do other drivers honk at you for reasons you don't understand?
• Do you have limited neck rotation?
• Are your reflexes slower and reaction time longer than they used to be?
• Do you ever feel momentarily confused, nervous, or uncomfortable while driving?
• Has a family member ever suggested that you stop driving?
• Do you have low-contrast sensitivity? For example, do you have trouble seeing a gray car at dusk, a black car at night, or a white car on a snowy roadway?
• Is your visual acuity on a 20/20 scale below the minimum level required by your state?

Growing Concern

The number of older drivers on the road is growing and bound to increase at a more rapid rate, as more baby boomers become seniors. ^[11] According to an AARP spokeswoman, by 2030 over 78 million boomers will be 65+, and research shows that men will outlive their driving abilities by six years and women by 10. ^[12]

Effects of giving up driving

The operation of a private vehicle is essential to life in many places, especially to one's independence. ^[13] After the loss of their license, an elderly person may be forced to make major lifestyle changes.

Where available, some senior citizens may turn to public transportation or paratransit .

Where no public transportation is available, or if the individual does not feel comfortable with public transit, one may seek rides from others, such as family members. Though individuals can find alternative means of transportation, these alternatives may be more limiting than one's own car.

See also

• Old man's car

References

1. ^ http://www.axcessnews.com/index.php/articles/show/id/19710
2. ^ http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Should-we-be-scared-of-senior-drivers-367848.php
3. ^ http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2009/06/15/prca0615.htm
4. ^ http://www.axcessnews.com/index.php/articles/show/id/19710
5. ^ http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Should-we-be-scared-of-senior-drivers-367848.php#page-2
6. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=GLt5_uO-DFwC&pg=PA436&dq=%22old+age%22driving&as_brr=3&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&cd=2
7. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=EL2xp9331Z4C&pg=PT105&dq=%22old+age%22driving&as_brr=3&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&cd=3
8. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=9gji7PeIsrYC&pg=PA124&dq=%22old+age%22driving&as_brr=3&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&cd=4
9. ^ http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Should-we-be-scared-of-senior-drivers-367848.php#page-4
10. ^ http://www.aarp.org/family/articles/safe_driving.html
11. ^ http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2009/06/15/prca0615.htm
12. ^ http://www.aarp.org/family/caregiving/articles/ginzler_car_technology.html
13. ^ http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Should-we-be-scared-of-senior-drivers-367848.php#page-3