Oahu Amakihi

Oahu Amakihi
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Subfamily:	Drepanidinae
Genus:	Hemignathus
Species:	H. flavus
Binomial name
Hemignathus flavus (Bloxam, 1827)

The Oahu Amakihi (Hemignathus flavus) is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the Fringillidae family. The male is rich yellow below, sharply contrasted with greenish upper parts. Females are duller and have two prominent wing-bars. It has a total length of approximately 4.5 inches (11 cm). It is endemic to the island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi.

First collection

This species was first named by Andrew Bloxam (as Nectarina flava). He saw it and collected specimens from Oʻahu while in the Hawaiian Islands in 1825 as the naturalist on board HMS Blonde.^[2]

Habitat

It tends to stay in the wetter southern area of Oʻahu. It can easily be spotted in two major parks, the Honouliuli Preserve, and the Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area. It tends to stay in forest, but has - at least to some extent - adapted to non-native forest types. It will nest and forage in wooded urban areas, but prefers native habitats where koa (Acacia koa) dominates. It mainly occurs at altitudes above 1,650 feet (500 m), but in some valleys in parts of its range it occurs lower.

Diet

Due to its bill shape, it is able to scrape off pieces of bark and reach insects that make up all of the protein in its diet. It drinks nectar from ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees and in rare cases it will use sugar feeders.

Breeding

The birds pair off during the breeding season, which occurs from mid December to early March. The small nest is 2–4 inches (5.1–10 cm) wide. The female lays one to two eggs. In two weeks the eggs hatch, with the hatchlings covered in brown down feathers. The birds are ready leave the nest three weeks later.

Threats

It is threatened by habitat loss, introduced predators and avian malaria. Some populations, however, appear to have developed a level of resistance to avian malaria, which might explain its recent expansion into lowland areas where mosquitoes - the vector of this disease - are more common. Overall, it appears far less threatened than several other Hawaiian honeycreeper, as also reflected by its status as vulnerable.

References

1. ^ "Hemignathus flavus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/150491. Retrieved 30 January 2010. 
2. ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1996), "The contribution of the voyage of H.M.S. Blonde to Hawaiin ornithology", Archives of Natural History 23 (1): 1–42, http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/8385/1/VZ_269_Blonde_in_Hawaii.pdf 

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet.
• Oahu ʻAmakihi videos, photos, and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection