Operation Netwing

Netwing redirects here. A "net wing" can also be part of a seine net for fishing.

Operation Netwing is a long-running United Kingdom law enforcement endeavour, headed by Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Major Crime Unit (BHMCU), investigating allegations of forced labour and human trafficking in Bedfordshire, England.^[1][2] BHMCU is the first combined major crime investigation team in the UK, composed of officers from Bedfordshire Police and Hertfordshire Constabulary, established to "give greater capacity for responding to the most serious crimes."^[3]

Background

Leighton Buzzard

Little Billington

Little Billington shown within Bedfordshire

In April 2011, a man complained to Bedfordshire Police that he had been "enslaved, frequently beaten and threatened with more violence after being offered work outside a job centre."^[4] The allegations centred on Greenacres Caravan Park, an Irish Travellers' site in Little Billington, Bedfordshire.^[5] The allegations led to the launch of the operation, which began with several months of undercover observation and covert intelligence gathering, involving the Serious Organised Crime Agency's Human Trafficking Centre.^[4][6] Police concluded that the site was "the hub of a multi-million pound trafficking operation that spans beyond the UK", and that some of the men may have been moved to Scandinavia and other European countries to work.^[6][7]

During 2011 police forces from four other counties in England raided Traveller sites in connection with forced labour and human trafficking.^[8]

Greenacres Caravan Park raid

At 0530 UTC on 11 September 2011, approximately 100 police officers from BHMCU and other specialist units including the dog section, force helicopter and Authorised Firearms Officers, raided the caravan park to execute search warrants. As a result, four men and one woman were arrested and a further twenty-four men, all believed to be victims of slavery, were taken from the site.^[2][9][10] The arrests were made under the provisions of Section 71 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, implemented in April 2010 to comply with Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which made it a criminal offence to hold someone "in slavery or servitude, or requir[e] them to perform forced or compulsory labour."^[8][11] The youngest of the 24 was a 17-year-old boy, who on release went back to his family.

Nine of the freed men later discharged themselves from hospital and refused to assist police with their enquiries.^[8] One of the nine accused the police of heavy-handed tactics, saying he had lived on the caravan site for several years working as a paver for £50 a day, claiming many of the other men were similarly paid.^[8]

Initial news reports claimed that the police had been warned 28 previous times that captives were being held at the caravan park, or that 28 captives escaped, but officers later explained that this was "a misunderstanding" and that the witness whose allegation had launched the operation in April had told them that 28 people were still being held as slaves.^[12] Most of the 24 were said to be have been homeless or suffering from alcoholism.^[13] Police also found drugs, money and weapons during the raid.^[14]

Of the fifteen freed men helping police, eight were of British nationality, three Polish, one Latvian and one Lithuanian, with two men of unconfirmed nationality, and ranged in age from 30 to 57 years.^[1][8] They were being housed temporarily at a British Red Cross rest centre set up to provide shelter for them while alternative accommodation was found and other necessary arrangements made. A Red Cross spokesperson said: "Our emergency response volunteers are offering emotional support and giving the men any practical help they need, such as clothing and hygiene kits. We have also provided recreational activities such as games, a radio and DVDs."^[15]

On 12 September 2011, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) announced that Tommy Connors (30), Patrick Connors (19), James Connors (34) and James Connors (23) had been charged with "conspiracy to hold a person in servitude and requiring them to perform forced labour" and were remanded in custody to appear at Luton Magistrates' Court on 13 September 2011.^[16] A spokesman CPS Thames and Chiltern Complex Casework Unit explained: "These charges relate to four victims who allege they have been held against their will and forced to live and work like slaves."^[17] A fifth person arrested, a woman whom police revealed was pregnant, was originally released on police bail to be questioned further following the "imminent" birth of her child.^[2][10] However, on 15 September Josie Conners (30) was charged with four offences related to activites at the Greenacres site. At a subsequent hearing, on 22 September, she was remanded on bail until 5 December 2011, on condition that she remained at home and only left to give birth at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury.^[18]

Speaking on 12 September Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) Sean O'Neil of BHMCU said: "I am confident that while the investigation is in its early stages this is a family-run 'business' and is an organised crime group that has been broken up by the Netwing operation."^[8] DCI O'Neil explained: "Some of these people have come out covered in excrement and dirty clothing because that was all they were allowed to live in. After being cared for, given food and fresh clothing, we hope to then interview them. That in itself will take a long time because these people are institutionalized. One person we know has been here fifteen years, so to him this is normal life."^[19]

Three further arrests took place at the caravan park on 21 September 2011. One of those arrested, Johnny Conners (30), was charged later that day with four offences including, conspiracy to hold someone in servitude, and conspiracy to require someone to perform forced labour. The other two arrested were a woman (61) remanded in custody, and a man (51) who was released on police bail pending medical treatment.^[20] Tommy Conners (senior) (51) was subsequently charged on 3 October 2011 with 11 offences of conspiracy to place people in servitude or forced labour.^[21]

Reactions

Andrew Selous, MP for South West Bedfordshire, told the House of Commons: "Following this weekend's utterly despicable revelations of the way in which twenty-four of my constituents have been kept as slaves, some for fifteen years, I'd like to commend the robust action of Bedfordshire Police in bringing this to light," and asked the Government to "pay particular attention to the issue of internal trafficking within the UK, given that seventeen of these twenty-four slaves were British citizens." Damien Green MP, Minister of State for Immigration said the incident "came as a shock to many of us. What we saw was effective police action, co-ordinated in many ways by the Serious Organised Crime Agency. The new National Crime Agency will have among its functions co-ordinating activity against trafficking, both domestic and international, which will give us a much more effective way of combating this particularly vile crime."^[22]

Klara Skrivankova, Trafficking Programme Coordinator at Anti-Slavery International, said: "Slavery and this case which appears to be a case of forced labour is a reality in Britain today but I think what it shows to us is that the police have finally been given proper powers in the new law that has been mentioned in order to investigate and really go after those who are still behaving like slave-masters in the 21st century."^[23]

In an article on 16 April 2008 Dr Donald Kenrick, an expert on the Romany language, is quoted as saying "Dossers are people gipsies pick up to work for them. They are sometimes called slaves or servants. ... It is common among Irish travellers, but the English do it as well." However he disputed that they were really slaves, saying that the practice meant that otherwise vulnerable people were being cared for. He said the travellers favoured single men, who were strong workers, but of poor mental health.^[24] Several allegations of slavery have been made against the traveller community.

Other related raids at Traveller sites

The 2011 series of police investigations on Travellers' sites began after the decomposed body of Christopher Nicholls, missing since 2005, was found in March 2008 near the Beggars Roost caravan site in Staverton, Gloucestershire. Covert surveillance of several Traveller sites began in March 2010 and police observed 22 alleged slaves at the Beggar's Roost site.

Beggars Roost

On 22 March 2011 police raided Beggar's Roost and arrested William Connors (50) and his wife Breda (46).^[25]

Enderby and Pleasley

Around 27th March 2011 simultaneous raids were carried out at Traveller sites in Enderby, Leicestershire, where eight alleged slaves were found, and Pleasley, Derbyshire, where seven alleged slaves were found. William Connors' son John Connors was arrested at the Pleasley site, and his son-in-law Miles Connors at the Enderby site.^[26] All four were charged with "conspiring together and with others to hold people in slavery or servitude between April [2010] and March [2011]."^[25] It was alleged that the victims were "vulnerable homeless individuals" who were offered accommodation and work and then moved into "virtually uninhabitable" caravans. Prosecuting solicitor Graham Dono told Cheltenham Magistrates' Court: "They then required them to do manual work for excessive hours for payments of no more than £20 a day and in some cases no payment at all. They were given minimal amounts of food. Movements are restricted, mobile phones are not allowed and victims are kept in fear of reprisals if they attempt to leave ... Men would be forced to work for up to 14 hours a day and moved from location to location around the country. It is clear from police videos that the slaves have minimal clothing, they are always dirty and disheveled, they look extremely unhappy and there is evidence of members of the Connors family at the locations in charge of the workers. Victims who had tried to leave sites had been tracked down and returned by members of the Connors family. These victims are extremely vulnerable and are now in a safe house. We say some of them have been indoctrinated for as much as 20 years working in this way. They are people who are clearly fearful. Twenty victims have so far been recovered from the Connors family but inquiries are at an early stage and it is expected there will be more."^[25]

Hamble

On 24 June 2011, John Conners (26), Jerry Conners (19), and Eileen Conners (59) were arrested and charged with offences under section 71 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 after 120 police officers raided a Travellers' site at Hamble, Hampshire to execute a series of warrants as part of Operation Helm.^[27][28][29]

Pulmer Water

On Friday 16 September 2011 50 police raided a travellers' camp at Pulmer Water near Codicote, Hertfordshire, and there found and removed four Chinese nationals (3 men and a woman) and two British men who were suspected of being held as slaves. It is suspected that the four Chinese were illegally trafficked into Britain.^{[30] [31]}

Previously reported cases of enslavement on Traveller sites

Crays Hill

In a court case in May 1999 one John Williams described how the previous year he was taken from London to Basildon, forced to work all day and then locked in a stable at Crays Hill in Kent. He was threatened and told he would have to stay for 6 months but managed to escape the next day.^[32]

Hargnies, Mauberge, France

In Hargnies near Mauberge in northeast France on Wednesday 14 December 2005 8 travellers were arrested for keeping 6 slaves and using them for forced harvest work.^[33]

See also

• Debt bondage

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Operation Netwing – Slavery Arrest Update". News. Bedfordshire Police. 12 september 2011. http://www.bedfordshire.police.uk/about_us/news/news_2011/110912_-_operation_netwing.aspx. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Arrests For Slavery Offences Made in Leighton Buzzard". News. Bedfordshire Police. 11 September 2011. http://www.bedfordshire.police.uk/about_us/news/news_2011/110912_-_slavery_offences.aspx. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
3. ^ "Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Major Crime Unit Investigations". Specialist Units & Operations. Hertfordshire Constabulary. http://herts.police.uk/hertfordshire_constabulary/beds__herts_major_crime_unit.aspx. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Hennessy, Mark (12 September 2011). "Lengthy intelligence work led to arrests of Travellers on suspicion of slavery". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/0912/1224303946705.html?via=rel?via=rel. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
5. ^ "Slaves discovered living in filthy conditions in Bedfordshire". The Daily Telegraph. 12 September 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8757001/Slaves-discovered-living-in-filthy-conditions-in-Bedfordshire.html. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Chidzoy, Sally (12 September 2011). "Bedfordshire 'slaves' case: Escapees triggered raid". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-14888183. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
7. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (13 September 2011). "Raid highlights plight of slaves in Britain". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10751316. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Topping, Alexandra (12 September 2011). "Rescued 'slave' criticises police raid at Bedfordshire caravan site". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/sep/12/rescued-man-criticises-slavery-raid. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
9. ^ Shubert, Atika (12 September 2011). "U.K. police rescue 24 'slavery' victims, arrest 5 suspects". CNN International. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/09/12/uk.slavery.arrests/. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Hennessy, Mark (12 September 2011). "Woman bailed after slavery raid". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0912/breaking33.html. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
11. ^ "Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour: Implementation of section 71 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009". Circular 2010/07. Ministry of Justice. 19 March 2010. http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/circular-07-2010-coroners-justice-act-section-71.pdf. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
12. ^ Taylor, Jerome (13 September 2011). "Men rescued from squalid forced labour camp refuse to help police". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/men-rescued-from-squalid-forced-labour-camp-refuse-to-help-police-2353651.html. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
13. ^ Hennessy, Mark (13 September 2011). "Four Irish Travellers charged with slavery offences". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0913/1224304027740.html. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
14. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (12 September 2011). "Police raid Travellers' site to free men 'kept as slaves' for 15 years". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/police-raid-travellers-site-to-free-men-kept-as-slaves-for-15-years-2353156.html. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
15. ^ "Volunteers provide support following 'slavery' raid". British Red Cross. 12 September 2011. http://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/News/2011/September/Volunteers-provide-support-following-slavery-raid. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
16. ^ "Bedfordshire 'slaves' case: Four men charged". BBC News. 12 September 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-14891461. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
17. ^ "NI man charged over slavery ring". UTV News. 12 September 2011. http://www.u.tv/News/NI-man-charged-over-slavery-ring/45e1b4c4-b233-467b-b7ed-bb31741ae234. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
18. ^ "Bedfordshire slavery probe: Pregnant woman granted bail". BBC News. 22 September 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-15018682. Retrieved 22-09-2011. 
19. ^ "‘Slaves’ in U.K. kept in kennels". National Post (Toronto). 12 September 2011. http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/09/12/%E2%80%98slaves%E2%80%99-in-u-k-kept-in-kennels/. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
20. ^ Bedfordshire slavery investigation: Three more arrested "BBC News online", Accessed 2011-09-22
21. ^ Bedfordshire slavery investigation: Man aged 51 charged BBC News online, Accessed 03-10-2011
22. ^ "MP urges slavery probe after raid". Press Association. 12 September 2011. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5i5QQouk1f65ngJWhkxoQXeJ2RE6A?docId=N0342191315842408585A. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
23. ^ "The World Today: UK police uncover slave ring". ABC News (Sydney). 12 September 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3315462.htm. Retrieved 12-09-2011. 
24. ^ "Slaves are still common". http://www.echo-news.co.uk/archive/2008/04/16/SLAVE+LABOUR+%28SLAVELABOUR%29/2202528.Slaves_are_still_common/. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
25. ^ ^{a b c} "Four travellers held by police after '20 years of forcing vulnerable men to work as slaves'". Daily Mail. 28 March 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1370669/4-travellers-held-police-slavery-charges-Gloucestershire.html. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
26. ^ "'Eight men kept as slaves' were found at travellers' site, a court heard". This is Leicestershire (Northcliffe Media). 28 March 2011. http://www.thisisleicestershire.co.uk/men-kept-slaves/story-12089143-detail/story.html. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
27. ^ Kerins, Dan (24 June 2011). "Slavery arrests following raid on illegal camp site in Hamble". Southern Daily Echo. http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/9105125.Slavery_arrests_following_raid_on_illegal_camp_site/. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
28. ^ Semke, Clare (27 June 2011). "Three due in court over slavery crimes after Hamble travellers’ site raid". The News (Portsmouth). http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/law-and-order/three_due_in_court_over_slavery_crimes_after_hamble_travellers_site_raid_1_2807036. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
29. ^ "Press Release: Three people charged in connection following raid on unauthorised encampment in Hamble". Hampshire Constabulary. 27 June 2011. http://www.hampshire.police.uk/Internet/news/releases/encampmentcharges.htm. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
30. ^ Daily Telegraph, page 6, Saturday 17 September 2011
31. ^ Removed from Travellers Site "AFP" Accessed, 17-09-2011
32. ^ "Homeless man held as a slave". 27 May 1999. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/archive/1999/05/27/Essex+Archive/5529152.Basildon__Homeless_man_held_as_slave/. Retrieved 13-09-2011. 
33. ^ "Eight held as 'modern-day slaves' found at French travellers' site". 16 December 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/dec/16/france.jonhenley. Retrieved 13-09-2011.