- Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven
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The Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven (simplified Chinese: 穆天子传; traditional Chinese: 穆天子傳; pinyin: Mù Tiānzǐ Zhuàn)[Notes 1] is a fantasy version of the travels of King Mu of Zhou, historical fifth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty, r. 976-922 BCE or 956-918 BCE.[1] The written originals of the fantasy biography of King Mu and a biography of his mother were found along with the Bamboo Annals in the tomb of Wèi Xiāng Wáng (d. BCE 0296), King Xiāng of Wei state and rediscovered 281 CE during the Western Jin Dynasty, after which they were merged into a single tale during transmission.[2] Transmitted are 4 textual lineages which became independent from the original.[3]:172 Later versions were sometimes called Zhou Wang Youxing, literally "(The) Zhou King('s) Travels" or Travels of the Zhou King.[3]:173
King Mu dreamed of being an immortal god. He was determined to visit the Western heavenly paradise of Xi Wangmu, the Queen Mother of the West in the Kunlun Mountains and taste her peaches of immortality. A brave charioteer named Zao Fu carried the king and seven worthy companions by chariot to Xi Wangmu whom he feasts at Blue-gem pool[4]:136 in Chapter 3 with a banquet, wine, gifts, and decorous exchange of poems[2][3]:174[4]:19, 133-135 with some sense of his being subsequently rejuvenated or at least blessed with posterity.[4]:136 The implications of the poems seem to cast Xi Wangmu as a vassal whom King Mu confirms in ruling her own land.[4]:19
Chapter 6 mainly recounts the death of King Mu's favorite Consort Cheng Ji with details of her funeral with a huge entourage which takes 8 days to arrive at her burial site. Heartbroken, King Mu tarries there, fishing, hunting, until a soldier chides him into returning his attention to government and slowly travelling back to his capital.[3]:176
The Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven is an early textually extant narrative case of Chinese biography stressing a particular heroic human, though biography, apparently fantastic or considered credible, is a chief format of Chinese literature from its outset with focus on sovereigns and their exploits, particularly with governmental preoccupation with geography through the peripheries of the emergent Chinese state.[5][6][7]
Notes
- ^ Literally "Mu(,) Heaven('s) Son('s) Tale". "Son of Heaven" is a designation for a sovereign of China, and the word used for tale is often a biography or history.
References
- ^ Cambridge History of Ancient China
- ^ a b "Mu Tianzi zhuan 穆天子傳 'The story of King Mu, the Son of Heaven'". CHINAKNOWLEDGE – a universal guide for China studies. http://chinaknowledge.org/Literature/Novels/mutianzizhuan.html. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- ^ a b c d Shaughnessy, Edward L. (2006). Rewriting Early Chinese Texts. SUNY Press.
- ^ a b c d Porter, Deborah Lynn (1996). From deluge to discourse: myth, history, and the generation of Chinese fiction. SUNY Press.
- ^ Mathieu, Rémi. Le Mu Tianzi Zhuan. p. 198.
- ^ Nienhauser, "Origins of Chinese Literature," p. 201
- ^ Needham, Joseph (1986). Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Science and Civilization in China. 3. Taipei: Caves Books.
External links
Categories:- History of Ancient China
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