River Redhorse

River redhorse
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Catostomidae
Genus:	Moxostoma
Species:	M. carinatum
Binomial name
Moxostoma carinatum (Cope, 1870)

The river redhorse, Moxostoma carinatum, is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. Their weight ranges from 2-10 lbs. It is typically found in clear, large creeks and rivers, though it is sometimes also found in lakes. They are sometimes speared or caught with hook and line using crayfish or worms as bait.

A bottom-feeder, it feeds on mussels, snails, crustaceans and immature aquatic insects. Its common names include Big-sawed Sucker, River Mullet, Greater Redhorse, Redfin Redhorse and Redhorse Sucker. It has the following characteristics:

Distribution

The River Redhorse occurs throughout the central and eastern Mississippi River system and the Gulf Slope from Florida to Louisiana. In Canada, its distribution is characterized by disjunct populations in southern Ontario and Quebec. This species has declined considerably over much of its range in the last 2010 years. Populations still occur in the Grand, Trent, Thames, Mississippi, Gatineau and Richelieu rivers, and recent data suggest a wider distribution in the Ottawa River than previously documented. However, this fish appears to no longer exist in the Châteauguay and Yamaska watersheds and has declined dramatically in the St. Lawrence River.

Threats

Due to its narrow range of habitat preferences, spawning requirements and intolerance of high turbidity, siltation and pollution, the River Redhorse is susceptible to a number of threats. Hydroelectric development and flood control dams cause habitat fragmentation and alter habitat conditions, resulting in restricted movements of individual fish and limited gene flow between populations. Also, changes in flow regime and siltation of spawning habitats may reduce recruitment. Agricultural and municipal activities that affect water quality (increased sediment load, excessive nutrients) also adversely impact this species.

Similar Species

The River Redhorse resembles all redhorse species especially the Shorthead Redhorse (M. macrolepidotum) and the Greater Redhorse (M. valenciennesi). The River Redhorse can be distinguished, although with difficulty, from most other members of the genus by its heavy pharyngeal arch with molariform teeth. Additional features that may distinguish it from other redhorse sucker species include entirely plicate lips and caudal peduncle scale count.

References

• "Moxostoma carinatum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=163936. Retrieved 6 June 2006. 
• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2005). "Moxostoma carinatum" in FishBase. November 2005 version.
• NatureServe - Moxostoma carinatum
• COSEWIC Status Report 2006.
• * SARA Public Registry