APS amphibious rifle

APS
APS underwater rifle with 5.66-mm cartridge
Type	Underwater Assault rifle
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Production history
Designer	Vladimir Simonov
Specifications
Weight	2.4 kg (5.29 lb) empty 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) loaded
Length	823 mm (32.4 in), stock extended 614 mm (24.2 in), stock retracted
Barrel length	300 mm (11.81 in)
Width	65 mm
Cartridge	5.66x39mm MPS; link to image of cartridge
Action	Gas actuated
Rate of fire	600 rounds per minute (in air)
Muzzle velocity	365 meter per second (in air)
Effective range	30 m at depth 5 m (98 ft at depth 16 ft) 20 m at depth 20 m (66 ft at depth 66 ft) 11 m at depth 40 m (36 ft at depth 131 ft)
Feed system	26 round Magazine

Computer-generated image of a frogman with a Russian IDA71 rebreather, riding a Protei-5 Russian diver propulsion vehicle, carrying an APS rifle

The APS Underwater Assault Rifle (APS stands for Avtomat Podvodnyy Spetsialnyy (Автомат Подводный Специальный) or "Special Underwater Automatic [rifle]") is an AK-47 derivative designed by the Soviet Union in the early 1970s as an underwater firearm. It was adopted in 1975. It is made by the Tula Arms Plant (Тульский Оружейный Завод, Tul'skiy Oruzheynyy Zavod) in Russia. It is exported by Rosoboronexport.

Underwater, ordinary-shaped bullets are inaccurate and very short-range. As a result, this rifle fires a steel bolt caliber 5.66 mm (especially designed for this rifle and is often mistaken as 5.56 mm) and 120 mm (4.75 in) long. Its magazine holds 26 cartridges. The APS's barrel is not rifled; the fired projectile is kept in line by hydrodynamic effects. As a result, the APS is somewhat inaccurate when fired out of water.

The APS has a longer range and more penetrating power than spearguns. This is useful in such situations as shooting through reinforced dry suits, and protective helmets (whether air-holding or not), thick tough parts of breathing sets and their harnesses, and plastic casings and transparent covers of some small underwater vehicles.

The APS is more powerful than a pistol, but is bulkier and takes longer to aim, particularly swinging its long barrel and big flat magazine sideways through water.

History

The rising threat of attacks by frogmen in naval bases caused various anti-frogman techniques to be developed, and in the USSR one of these was guard frogmen sent to stop the attackers. At first these guard frogmen were armed only with knives and AK-type rifles. The AK-47 was carried in a waterproof case and could only be used on the surface, so the only effective underwater weapon against enemy frogmen was the knife.

The SPP-1 underwater pistol was accepted in 1971, but soon proved to be useful only in close-up self-defence and not to attack a target which is farther away. Vladimir Simonov undertook the job of developing an underwater assault rifle. To allow the rifles mechanism work underwater, there had to be room for the flow of the water pushed aside by moving parts and by the gas produced by the propellant explosive in the cartridge. The APS rifle was accepted for use in the mid-1970s. One special improvement was a perforated gas tube, and in the sighting. Its design engineer received a state award in 1983.

As with the SPP-1 the first stage of the work was to develop a cartridge. A 5.45 millimetres (0.215 in) by 39 millimetres (1.5 in) cartridge was lengthened by about 115 millimetres (4.5 in) to fit the sharp-fronted steel bolt. Another cartridge version was designed that contained a miniature rocket, which when fired makes a visible streak in the water. Next, Vladimir Simonov designed the rifle. The objective was ambitious; nobody ever before tried to build a functioning automatic underwater firearm. The most important problem was designing a receiver that could work under water. Unlike air, water is incompressible, so the structure had to let water move around easily; as a result, its receiver is open at the rear. Since it operates on the principle of gas discharge, it has a gas controller to let it work underwater and on land.

The APS was adopted to develop in the mid-1970s, as Автомат Подводный Специальный АПС (Avtomat Podvodnyy Spetsial'nyy APS, Russian Automatic (automatic carbine) Underwater Special APS). Afterwards, there was lengthy improvement work on the APS. One improvement was fitting a perforated gas pipe with a special shield to break up the emitted gas bubbles, making targeting easier and reducing the visibility of the bubbles, allowing stealthier firing of the weapon.

The APS was the primary weapon of Soviet frogmen.

However, since the conception of this new weapon there were objections. It was the perfect weapon for the Soviet frogmen's underwater operations, but it was less use for Spetznaz soldiers fighting both on land and under water. Out of water the APS can shoot, but its effective range does not exceed 50 meters, and the rifle's lifetime drops to 180 shots in air from 2000 shots underwater. Therefore they mostly carried an SPP-1 pistol for self-defense under water and an AK-74 to fight on land. Therefore, at the end of the eighties the ASM-DT Underwater Assault Rifle was developed.

In fiction

• The APS appears carried by Revy in the Black Lagoon manga comic series and the fourth episode of the TV series.

Bibliography

• Piotr Taras „Strzałki” dla płetwonurków, Komandos 9/93. ISSN 0867-8669
• Zbigniew Gwóźdź, Strzały pod wodą, Komandos 7/8/96.ISSN 0867-86-69
• Leszek Erenfeicht, CAZZONE broń strzelecka dla płetwonurków, Strzał 5/2003. ISSN 1644-4906
• Wiktor Suworow, Specnaz. Historia sił specjalnych Armii Radzieckiej, Wydawnictwo Adamski i Bieliński, Warszawa 1999. ISBN 83-87454-50-8
• Southby-Tailyour, Ewen (2005). Jane's Special Forces Recognition Guide. New York: Collins. ISBN 0-00-718329-1. 

See also

• Underwater firearm
• ADS amphibious rifle
• List of Russian Weaponry

External links

• Tula Arms Plant—manufacturer's site
• Modern Firearms
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