- Mizocz Ghetto
-
Mizocz Ghetto
German police shooting women from the Mizocz Ghetto, 14 October 1942Also known as Mizoch Ghetto Location Near Rovno, formerly in eastern Poland, now in western Ukraine. Incident type Imprisonment without due process, forced labor, mass shootings Organizations Einsatzgruppen, Ordnungspolizei, Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Ghetto 1700 population Victims about 800-1200 Ukrainian Jews Notes Particularly noted for the series of photographs taken of the mass shootings. v · Mizoch (Polish: Mizocz), which was located in an area once part of eastern Poland but which is now part of western Ukraine. The nearest major city is Rovno. Contents
Uprising and Killings
On or about October 12, 1942, the ghetto of about 1700 people was surrounded by Ukrainian auxiliaries and German policemen in preparation for the liquidation of its Jewish occupants. The Jews fought back in a defense which may have lasted as long as two days. About half the residents were able to flee or hide during the confusion before the uprising was finally put down. On October 14, the captured survivors were taken to a ravine and shot. [1]
Photographs
The shootings were photographed.[2] The photographs were published and have become well known. Frequently the photographs are said to depict other shootings. Historians have commented upon the brutality shown in the Mizocz shooting photographs:
In 1942 at Mizocz, in the region of Rovno in Ukraine, approximately 1,700 Jews were executed. The photographs show large numbers of people being herded into a ravine, women and children undressing, a line of naked women and children in a queue and finally their executed bodies. Two particular harrowing photographs show German police standing among heaps of naked corpses of women strewn on either side of the ravine.[3]
Further, two of the photographs show the "Aktion" in progress (apparently not, as is often stated in many sources, a "finishing off" of survivors). The photographs give clear evidence of the execution practice, common in Ukraine, of bringing the victims to the killing site in small groups of around five or so individuals, and having them lie down among the prior victims, to be shot in the back of the neck or head with a single bullet. [4]
Mizocz photographs have been used ostensibly as evidence of crimes against humanity committed at Treblinka extermination camp.[5] This practice has been criticized as ahistorical.[5]Notes
- ^ Shmuel Spector, quoting the memoirs of Peretz Goldstein, The Jews of Volhynia and Their Reaction to Extermination .
- ^ Photographs of the Mizocz shootings are in the USHMM collection (## 17876-17879)/
- ^ Struck, Janina, Photographing the Holocaust, at pages 72-73.
- ^ Patrick Desbois, The Holocaust by Bullets, pages iii-iv.
- ^ a b Didi-Huberman, Georges, and Lillis, Shane B., Images in Spite of All, at page 67.
References
- Didi-Huberman, Georges, and Lillis, Shane B., Images in Spite of All: Four photographs from Auschwitz, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2008 ISBN 9780226148168
- Struk, Janina, Photographing the Holocaust: Interpretations of the evidence, London ; New York : I.B. Tauris, 2004 ISBN 1860645461
- Shmuel Spector, The Jews of Volhynia and Their Reaction to Extermination, Published in Yad Vashem Studies 15 (1983)
- Patrick Desbois, The Holocaust by Bullets, New York, Palgrave McMillan, 2008 ISBN 0230606172
Further reading
- Huneke, Douglas K., The Moses of Rovno: the stirring story of Fritz Graebe, a German Christian who risked his life to lead hundreds of Jews to safety during the Holocaust, New York, Dodd, Mead, 1985 ISBN 0396087140
v · d · eThe Holocaust in Ukraine Main article: The Holocaust
Related articles by country: Belarus • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Norway • Poland • RussiaCrimes Babi Yar • Drobytsky Yar • Drohobych • Kamianets-Podilskyi • Lviv pogroms • Mizocz Ghetto • Odessa • Pripyat SwampsMajor perpetrators Paul Blobel • Werner Braune • Hans Frank • Friedrich Jeckeln • Ernst Kaltenbrunner · Fritz Katzmann • Erich Koch • Felix Landau • Otto Ohlendorf • Paul Otto Radomski • Otto Rasch • Walter Schimana • Otto Wächter • Dieter WislicenyNazi occupation and organizations Collaborators Individuals: Volodymyr Bahaziy • Petro Voinovsky • Petro Zakhvalynsky
Organizations: Schutzmannschaft • Ukrainian Auxiliary PoliceGhettos, camps and prisons Bogdanovka • Syrets concentration camp • VapniarkaResistance and survivors Priest's Grotto • Syrets inmate revoltPlanning, methods,
documents and evidencePlanning: Generalplan Ost • Volksliste
Evidence: Graebe affidavitConcealment and denial War crimes investigations and trials Righteous among the Nations Memorials Babi Yar memorials • List of Babi Yar victimsv · d · eEinsatzgruppen Director Commanders and
higher authorities- Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
- Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
- Rudolf Batz
- Ernst Biberstein
- Wolfgang Birkner
- Paul Blobel
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
- Otto Bradfisch
- Werner Braune
- Fritz Dietrich
- Erich Ehrlinger
- Wilhelm Fuchs
- Karl Jäger
- Friedrich Jeckeln
- Heinz Jost
- Waldemar Klingelhöfer
- Wolfgang Kügler
- Rudolf Lange
- Erich Naumann
- Arthur Nebe
- Otto Ohlendorf
- Hans-Adolf Prützmann
- Otto Rasch
- Walter Rauff
- Martin Sandberger
- Eberhard Karl Schöngarth
- Franz Walter Stahlecker
- Eduard Strauch
- Bruno Streckenbach
- Martin Weiss
- Udo von Woyrsch
Members and others - August Becker
- Emil Haussmann
- Felix Landau
- Albert Widmann
Notable collaborators - Viktors Arājs
- Herberts Cukurs
- Konrāds Kalējs
Methods and
documentationInvolved
organizations- SS
- RSHA
- SD
- Orpo
- Arajs Kommando
- Estonian Auxiliary Police
- Latvian Auxiliary Police
- Lithuanian Security Police
- TDA
- 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
- Rollkommando Hamann
- Schutzmannschaft
- Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
- Ypatingasis būrys
Crimes by country Poland- Operation Tannenberg
- Intelligenzaktion
- AB-Aktion
- Operation Reinhard
Lithuania- Ninth Fort
- Kaunas June 1941
- Kaunas 29 October 1941
- Ninth Fort November 1941
- Ponary
Latvia- Burning of the Riga synagogues
- Dünamünde Action
- Jelgava
- Pogulianski
- Rumbula
- Liepāja (Šķēde)
EstoniaBelarus- Łachwa Ghetto
- Minsk Ghetto
- Sluzk Affair
UkraineCategories:- The Holocaust in Ukraine
- The Holocaust in Poland
- Einsatzgruppen
- Jewish resistance during the Holocaust
- Holocaust historiography
- Holocaust antisemitic attacks and incidents
- Massacres in Ukraine
- Soviet–German War
- Jewish ghettos in occupied Poland
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Mizocz Ghetto
- Mizocz Ghetto
-
Mizocz Ghetto
German police shooting women from the Mizocz Ghetto, 14 October 1942Also known as Mizoch Ghetto Location Near Rovno, formerly in eastern Poland, now in western Ukraine. Incident type Imprisonment without due process, forced labor, mass shootings Organizations Einsatzgruppen, Ordnungspolizei, Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Ghetto 1700 population Victims about 800-1200 Ukrainian Jews Notes Particularly noted for the series of photographs taken of the mass shootings.