- Schutzmannschaft
-
Schutzmannschaft (abbr. Schuma) or Hilfspolizei (abbr. Hipo) were the collaborationist auxiliary police battalions of native policemen in occupied countries in East, which were created to fight the resistance during World War II mostly in the Eastern European countries occupied by Nazi Germany. Hilfspolizei refers also to German auxiliary police units. There was also a HIPO Corps in occupied Denmark.
The term is mostly historical; it has been also applied to some units created in 1933 by the early Nazi government (mostly from members of SA and SS) and disbanded the same year due to international protests.[1][2][3][4]
Within the territories seized from the Soviet Union, the Germans utilised local police auxiliaries much more freely. These volunteers were called Hilfswillige (Auxiliaries) by the Germans, often abbreviated to "Hiwis". Those augmenting the Orpo/Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) were designated Schutzmannschaft (Protective Detachment) and eventually numbered some hundreds of thousands.
The Schutzmannschaft battalions, organized by nationality, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Latvians and Tatars. Each battalion had an authorized strength of about 500. Everywhere, local police far outnumbered the equivalent German personnel. For example, in the Brześć Litewski area, there were 26 German gendarmerie as opposed to 308 Belorussians. In the district of Baranowicze, there were 73 German gendarmerie and 816 native auxiliaries. By 1 July 1942, 18½ Ukrainian Schutzmannschaft battalions had been formed, with a further three battalions set up in Belarus mainly staffed by Ukrainians.
Local police units were moved freely around the occupied countries to engage with partisans or to kill Jews. Subsequently, as German casualties on the eastern front mounted and most Jews had been murdered, the SS raised military divisions in Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania and elsewhere from among these volunteers.
Contents
Participation in the Holocaust
The Schutzmannschaft became an indispensable component in the destruction of the Jews. In places such as Zhitomir, Korosten, Kherson, Kakhovka, Uman and many others throughout Ukraine, local militia formed part of the killing squads. The militia were paid by the German authorities, often with funds confiscated from the Jews. Ukrainians were frequently used in the shooting of the families of Jewish men[citation needed], so that in Radomyshl for example, Einsatzkommando IVa could restrict itself to the killing of adult men and women[citation needed].
The Einsatzgruppen Operational Report USSR No.88 records that on 6 September 1941, 1,107 Jewish adults were shot in Radomyśl while the Ukrainian militia unit assisted by liquidating 561 Jewish children and youths[citation needed]. SS-Gruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski established a special department in charge of foreign Schutzmannschaften that dealt with recruitment and deployment of units for security tasks, guard duties, and labour commando units. Although numerically fewer, Belarusian Auxiliary Police were used just as intensively as were the Ukrainians, even if, as Einsatzgruppe B noted, the general Belarusian population was incapable of acting on its own against the Jews.
- Belarusian Schutzmannschaft [5]
- Danish Hilfspolizei [6]
- Estonian Schutzmannschaft [7]
- Latvian Schutzmannschaft (including Arajs Kommando)[8]
- Lithuanian Schutzmannschaft [9]
- Polish Schutzmannschaft [10]
- Russian Schutzmannschaft (later 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Russian))[11]
- Ukrainian Schutzmannschaft [12]
Battalions
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 51
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 55
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 57
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 61
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 63
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 101
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 111
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 113
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 126
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 129
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 131
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 134
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 140
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 143
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 146
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 157
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 169
Organization
Each battalion had a command and four companies of 124 men each one with a group of machine gun and three groups of infantry.
Uniform
Escutcheon of nationality on the right sleeve, boots.[13][14][15]
Armament
Schutzmannschaft was armed with Soviet rifle Mosin-Nagant 91/30.
Ranks
- 1. Schutzmann (Schütze)
- 2. Unterkorporal (Gefreiter)
- 3. Vizekorporal (Obergefreiter)
- 4. Korporal (Unteroffizier)
- 5. Vizefeldwebel (Unterfeldwebel)
- 6. Kompaniefeldwebel (Feldwebel)
Reichskommissariat Ostland
Main article: Reichskommissariat OstlandGeneralbezirk Estland
- 29. Kaitse Rindepataljon – Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 29
- 29. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 29
- 29. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 29
- 30. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 30
- 30. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 30
- 31. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 31
- 31. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 31
- 32. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 32
- 32. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 32
- 33. Kaitse Rindepataljon – Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 33
- 33. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 33
- 33. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 33
- 34. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 34
- 34. Kaitse Rindepataljon – Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon nr. 34
- 34. Eesti Politsei Rindepataljon – Estnische Polizei Front Bataillon 34
- 35. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 35
- 35. Kaitse Tagavarapataljon – Schutzmannschaft Erzats Bataillon nr. 35
- 35. Politsei Tagavarapataljon - Polizei Erzats Bataillon 35
- 36. Kaitse Rindepataljon – Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon nr. 36
- 37. Kaitse Vahipataljon Dorpat – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 37
- 37. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Bataillon 37
- 38. Kaitse Vahipataljon Fellin – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 38
- 38. Eesti Politseipataljon - Estnische Polizei Bataillon 38
- 39. Kaitse Vahipataljon Oberpahlen – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 39
- 40. Kaitse Vahipataljon Pleskau – Estnische Schutzmannschaft Bataillon nr. 40
- 40. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Bataillon 40
- 41. Kaitse Tagavarapataljon
- 42. Kaitse Pioneeripataljon – Schutzmannschaft Pionier Bataillon 42
- 286. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 286
- 286. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 286
- 287. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 287
- 287. Politsei Vahipataljon – Polizei Wacht Bataillon 287
- 288. Kaitse Rindepataljon – Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 288
- 288. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 288
- 289. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 289
- 289. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 289
- 290. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 290
- 290. Politsei Pioneeripataljon – Polizei Blau Pionier Bataillon 290
- 291. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 291
- 291. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 291
- 292. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 292
- 292. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 292
- 293. Kaitse Vahipataljon – Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon 293
- 293. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 293
- 521. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei Füsilier Bataillon 521
- Politsei SS-pataljon Ostland - Polizei Front-Bataillon Ostland
Generalbezirk Lettland
- Polizei z. b. V. Bataillon 1 Meiers, October 1944
- Polizei z. b. V. Bataillon 2, October 1944
- Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 16 Zemgale, 22 October 1942-8 February 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 16, 21 March-18 May 1942
- Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 17 Vidzeme, 21 December 1941-May 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 17 Rezekne, 18 March-18 May 1942
- Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 18 Kurzeme, 13 January 1942-May 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 18 Ergli, 18 March-18 May 1942
- Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 19 Latgale, 16 December 1941-30 January 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 19, 18 March-18 May 1942
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Wacht Bataillon 20 Riga, April 1942-January 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 20 Abrene, 9–18 May 1942
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 21 Liepaja, 25 February 1942-30 January 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 22 Daugava, 25 February 1942-7 February 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 23 Gauja, 25 February 1942-8 May 1945
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 24 Talsi, 1 March 1942-18 April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 24 Venta, June 1942-1942
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 25 Abava, 6 March 1942-7 February 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 25, June–July 1942
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 26 Tukums, 6 March 1942-23 April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 27 Burtnieki, 14 March 1942-April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 28 Barta, 9 March 1942-13 July 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 266, 18 May 1942-November 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 267 Rezekne, 18 May 1942-1 June 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Ost Bataillon 268 Ergli, 18 May 1942-3 February 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Wacht Bataillon 269, 18 May 1942-June 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 270, 18 May 1942-18 February 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 271 Valmiera, 15 January 1943-October 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 272 Daugavgriva, 1 July 1942-April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 273 Ludza, 1 July 1942-15 July 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 274, 1 October 1942-30 September 1944
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 275, 16 October 1942-June 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 276 Kuldiga, 17 December 1942-11 August 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 277 Sigulda, 17 December 1942-11 August 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 278 Dobele, 17 December 1942-11 August 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 279 Cesu, 4 January-15 July 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 280 Bolderaja, 23 January-9 April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 281 Abrene, 23 January-9 April 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 282 Venta, 1942-15 July 1943
- Schutzmannschaft/Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 283, July 1942-May 1944
- Lettische Polizei Bataillon 283, May–December 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 311 Valmiera, 12 May-2 July 1943
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 312, 15 May-11 August 1943
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 313, 2 August 1943-7 February 1944
- Lettische Polizei Bataillon 314, May–July 1944
- Lettische Polizei Bataillon 315, January 1944-April 1945
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 316, 2 August 1943-7 February 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 317, 18 October 1943-14 February 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 318, 25 October 1943-14 February 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 319, 25 October 1943-8 May 1945
- Lettische Polizei Wacht Bataillon 320, 21 December 1943-20 September 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 321, 22 December 1943-14 February 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 322, 23 July 1944-8 May 1945
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 325, March–December 1944
- Lettische Polizei Front Bataillon 326, March–May 1944
- Lettische Polizei Bataillon 327, March–April 1944
- Lettische Polizei Bataillon 328, March–July 1944
- Lettisches Freiwilligen Polizei Regiment 1 Riga, 1 August 1943-19 November 1944
- Lettisches Freiwilligen Polizei Regiment 2 Liepaja, February-26 October 1944
- Lettisches Freiwilligen Polizei Regiment 3 Cesis , February–August 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 1 Riga, February–March 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 2 Riga, February–October 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 3 Riga, February–July 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 4 Tukums, February–August 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 5 Aizpute, February–October 1944
- Lettisches Grenzschutz Regiment 6 Kuldiga, February–August 1944
Generalbezirk Litauen
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 1
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 15
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 22
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 114
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 116
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 117
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 122
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 123
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 130
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 250
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 251
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 257
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 263
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 265
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 268
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 301
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 310
Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 57
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 61 Bogun
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 62 Taras Schewtschenko
General Government (occupied Poland)
Main article: General Government- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 107
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 201
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 202
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 203
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 213
Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Main article: Reichskommissariat Ukraine- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 51
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 55
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 57
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 61
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 63
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 101
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 111
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 113
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 126
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 129
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 131
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 134
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 140
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 143
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 146
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 157
- Schutzmannschaft Wacht Bataillon nr. 169
See also
- Collaborationism
- Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
- Holocaust in Belarus
- Holocaust in Estonia
- Holocaust in Latvia
- Holocaust in Lithuania
- Holocaust in Norway
- Holocaust in Odessa
- Holocaust in Poland
- Holocaust in Russia
- Holocaust in Ukraine
- List of murders of children by Nazis
- Auxiliary police
- Blue Police
External links
References
Einsatzgruppen Director Commanders and
higher authorities- Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
- Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
- Rudolf Batz
- Ernst Biberstein
- Wolfgang Birkner
- Paul Blobel
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
- Otto Bradfisch
- Werner Braune
- Fritz Dietrich
- Erich Ehrlinger
- Wilhelm Fuchs
- Karl Jäger
- Friedrich Jeckeln
- Heinz Jost
- Waldemar Klingelhöfer
- Wolfgang Kügler
- Rudolf Lange
- Erich Naumann
- Arthur Nebe
- Otto Ohlendorf
- Hans-Adolf Prützmann
- Otto Rasch
- Walter Rauff
- Martin Sandberger
- Eberhard Karl Schöngarth
- Franz Walter Stahlecker
- Eduard Strauch
- Bruno Streckenbach
- Martin Weiss
- Udo von Woyrsch
Members and others - August Becker
- Emil Haussmann
- Felix Landau
- Albert Widmann
Notable collaborators - Viktors Arājs
- Herberts Cukurs
- Konrāds Kalējs
Methods and
documentationInvolved
organizations- SS
- RSHA
- SD
- Orpo
- Arajs Kommando
- Estonian Auxiliary Police
- Latvian Auxiliary Police
- Lithuanian Security Police
- TDA
- 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
- Rollkommando Hamann
- Schutzmannschaft
- Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
- Ypatingasis būrys
Crimes by country Poland- Operation Tannenberg
- Intelligenzaktion
- AB-Aktion
- Operation Reinhard
Lithuania- Ninth Fort
- Kaunas June 1941
- Kaunas 29 October 1941
- Ninth Fort November 1941
- Ponary
Latvia- Burning of the Riga synagogues
- Dünamünde Action
- Jelgava
- Pogulianski
- Rumbula
- Liepāja (Šķēde)
EstoniaBelarus- Łachwa Ghetto
- Minsk Ghetto
- Sluzk Affair
Ukraine- Main article: The Holocaust
- Related articles by country:
- Belarus
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Norway
- Poland
- Russia
- Ukraine
Crimes - Ninth Fort
- Kaunas June 1941
- Kaunas 29 October 1941
- Ninth Fort November 1941
- Ponary
Prominent victims - Zelig Kalmanovich
- Elchonon Wasserman
- Jacob Wygodzki
Major perpetrators - Erich Ehrlinger
- Karl Jäger
- Ernst Kaltenbrunner
- Hinrich Lohse
- Franz Murer
- Adrian von Renteln
- Alfred Rosenberg
- Rudolf Joachim Seck
- Franz Walter Stahlecker
- Martin Weiss
Nazi occupation and organizations - Einsatzgruppen
- Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Rollkommando Hamann
Collaborators - Algimantas Dailidė
- Algirdas Klimaitis
- Lithuanian Security Police
- Schutzmannschaft
- TDA
- Ypatingasis būrys
Ghettos, camps and prisons - HKP 562
- Kaunas fort ring
- Kovno Ghetto
- Lukiškės Prison
- Vilna Ghetto
Resistance and survivors - Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
- Jay M. Ipson
- Abba Kovner
- Ephraim Oshry
- Ona Šimaitė
- Abraham Sutzkever
Documentation Concealment and denial Justice Righteous among the Nations Related articles - Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
- The Holocaust
- History of the Jews in Lithuania
- The Holocaust in Latvia
- The Holocaust in Estonia
The Holocaust in Latvia - Main article: The Holocaust
- Related articles by country:
- Belarus
- Estonia
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Poland
- Russia
- Ukraine
Crimes - Burning of the Riga synagogues
- Dünamünde Action
- Jelgava
- Pogulianski
- Rumbula
- Liepāja (Šķēde)
Victims Perpetrators - Alois Brunner
- Rudolf Batz
- Fritz Dietrich
- Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
- Erich Ehrlinger
- Karl Jäger
- Friedrich Jeckeln
- Heinz Jost
- Konrāds Kalējs
- Ernst Kaltenbrunner
- Wolfgang Kügler
- Rudolf Lange
- Hinrich Lohse
- Hans-Adolf Prützmann
- Eduard Roschmann
- Alfred Rosenberg
- Martin Sandberger
- Rudolf Joachim Seck
- Franz Walter Stahlecker
- Eduard Strauch
Nazi occupation and organizations - Einsatzgruppen
- Reichskommissariat Ostland
- Rollkommando Hamann
Collaborators Individuals - Viktors Arājs
- Herberts Cukurs
- Kārlis Lobe
Organizations - Arajs Kommando
- Latvian Auxiliary Police
- Schutzmannschaft
Ghettos and camps - Daugavpils Ghetto
- Jungfernhof concentration camp
- Kaiserwald concentration camp
- Riga Ghetto
- Salaspils concentration camp
Documentation Concealment War crimes investigations and trials Righteous among the Nations - Jānis Lipke
- Roberts Sedols
Memorials - Bikernieki Memorial
Related articles The Holocaust in Estonia - Main article: The Holocaust
- Related articles by country:
- Belarus
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Poland
- Russia
- Ukraine
Crimes Prominent victims Major perpetrators - Hans Aumeier
- Karl Jäger
- Ernst Kaltenbrunner
- Aleksander Laak
- Hinrich Lohse
- Alfred Rosenberg
- Martin Sandberger
- Rudolf Joachim Seck
- Franz Walter Stahlecker
Nazi occupation and organizations Notable collaborators Concentration camps Documentation Concealment War crimes investigations and trials Righteous among the Nations - Uku Masing
- Eha Masing
- Polina Lentsman
Related articles - The Holocaust
- History of the Jews in Estonia
- Estonia in World War II
- Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
- The Holocaust in Latvia
- The Holocaust in Lithuania
The Holocaust in Poland - Main article: The Holocaust
- Related articles by country:
- Belarus
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Russia
- Ukraine
Camps, ghettos and operations Camps ExterminationMass shootings Ghettos - List of 267 Jewish ghettos set up in German-occupied Poland (1939–1942)
- Będzin
- Białystok
- Brest
- Częstochowa
- Grodno
- Kraków
- Lvov (Lwów)
- Łódź
- Lubartów
- Lublin
- Międzyrzec Podlaski
- Radom
- Sosnowiec
- Warsaw
Other atrocities Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators Major perpetrators Organizers- Josef Bühler
- Eichmann
- Eicke
- Ludwig Fischer
- Hans Frank
- Globocnik
- Glücks
- Greiser
- Himmler
- Hermann Höfle
- Fritz Katzmann
- Wilhelm Koppe
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
- Kutschera
- Erwin Lambert
- Ernst Lerch
- Oswald Pohl
- Reinefarth
- Scherner
- Seyss-Inquart · Sporrenberg
- Streckenbach
- Thomalla
- Otto Wächter
- Wisliceny
Camp command- Aumeier
- Richard Baer
- Boger
- Braunsteiner
- Eberl
- Kurt Franz
- Karl Frenzel
- Karl Fritzsch
- Göth
- Grabner
- Hartjenstein
- Hering
- Höss
- Hössler
- Josef Kramer
- Liebehenschel
- Maria Mandel
- Matthes
- Michel
- Johann Niemann
- Oberhauser
- Reichleitner
- Heinrich Schwarz
- Stangl
- Gustav Wagner
- Christian Wirth
Gas chamber executioners- Erich Bauer
- Bolender
- Hackenholt
- Klehr
- Hans Koch
- Herbert Lange
Ghetto command- Wolfgang Birkner
- Blobel
- Felix Landau
- Schaper
- Schöngarth
- von Woyrsch
Personnel Camp guardsBy campOrganizations Collaborators JewishEstonian, Latvian,
Lithuanian, Belarusian
and Ukrainian- Schutzmannschaft
Other nationalities- Arajs Kommando
- Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
- Ukrainian collaboration
- Lithuanian Security Police
- Trawniki
- Ypatingasis būrys
- Pieter Menten
Resistance: Judenrat, victims, documentation and technical Organizations Uprisings Leaders Judenrat - Jewish Ghetto Police
- Adam Czerniaków
- Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski
Victim Lists Ghettos- Kraków
- Łódź
- Lvov (Lwów)
- Warsaw
Camps- Auschwitz
- Bełżec
- Chełmno
- Gross-Rosen
- Izbica
- Kraków-Płaszów
- Majdanek
- Sobibor
- Soldau
- Stutthof
- Trawniki
- Treblinka
Documentation Nazi sources- Auschwitz Album
- Frank Memorandum
- Höcker Album
- Höfle Telegram
- Katzmann Report
- Korherr Report
- Nisko Plan
- Posen speeches
- Special Prosecution Book-Poland
- Stroop Report
- Wannsee Conference
Witness accounts- Graebe affidavit
- Gerstein Report
- Vrba-Wetzler report
- Witold's report
ConcealmentTechnical and Logistics - Identification in camps
- Gas chamber
- Gas van
- Holocaust train
- Human medical experimentation
- Zyklon B
Aftermath, trials and commemoration Aftermath Trials West German trials- Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials
- Treblinka trials
Polish, East German, and Soviet trialsMemorials Righteous among the Nations - Polish Righteous among the Nations
- Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
- Albert Battel
- Hermann Friedrich Graebe
- Andrey Sheptytsky
- Oskar Schindler
The Holocaust in Ukraine Main article: The Holocaust
Related articles by country: Belarus • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Norway • Poland • RussiaCrimes Major perpetrators Paul Blobel • Werner Braune • Hans Frank • Friedrich Jeckeln • Ernst Kaltenbrunner · Fritz Katzmann • Erich Koch • Felix Landau • Otto Ohlendorf • Paul Otto Radomski • Otto Rasch • Walter Schimana • Otto Wächter • Dieter WislicenyNazi occupation and organizations Collaborators Individuals: Volodymyr Bahaziy • Petro Voinovsky • Petro Zakhvalynsky
Organizations: Schutzmannschaft • Ukrainian Auxiliary PoliceGhettos, camps and prisons Bogdanovka • Syrets concentration camp • VapniarkaResistance and survivors Priest's Grotto • Syrets inmate revoltPlanning, methods,
documents and evidencePlanning: Generalplan Ost • Volksliste
Evidence: Graebe affidavitConcealment and denial War crimes investigations and trials Righteous among the Nations Memorials Babi Yar memorials • List of Babi Yar victimsen:Schutzmannschaft
Categories:- Collaborators during World War II occupations
- Collaborators with Nazi Germany
- Defunct law enforcement agencies of Germany
- Politics of World War II
- Local participation in the Holocaust
- Holocaust terminology
- German words and phrases
- Einsatzgruppen
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